A 35-year-old female patient presented with a chief complaint of painless swelling on the left side of the face since eight months to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad. Telangana, India. Her history revealed that the swelling gradually grew to the present size. Her medical, dental, habitual and family history was not significant. On extra oral examination, inspection showed a swelling measuring approximately 4x3 cm in size, oval in shape, having well defined margins. The colour of the lesion was similar to the normal adjacent skin. The swelling extended superiorly to the line extending from the tragus of the ear to the corner of the mouth. Inferiorly to lower border of the mandible, posteriorly up to the ramus of the mandible and anteriorly up to the corner of the mouth [Table/ Fig-1]. No visible pus discharge was seen. On palpation, the inspectory findings were confirmed and the lesion was bony hard with central region showing variable consistency of hard and soft areas. The lesion was non tender. On intra oral examination, firm, smooth, non-fluctuant swelling was seen extending from 31 to the anterior border of the ramus. The mandibular left first molar and second premolar have been extracted 11 months back. First premolar was carious.Panaromic radiograph revealed an well defined mixed radioopaquelucent multilocular lesion extending from lower left central incisor to the ascending border of ramus [Table/ Fig-2]. Impacted second molar was seen at the inferior border of the mandible. Few septae were arranged in tennis raquet appearance. Root resorption was noticed in relation to 34. Over retained 85 was also seen. Radiological differential diagnosis of central hemangioma, ameloblastoma, odontogenic myxoma was considered.A provisional diagnosis of ameloblastoma and clinical differential diagnosis of dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst was made. After obtaining patient's consent, enucleation was done and multiple bits of the soft tissue specimen of approximately 4cm X 2cm X 1cm were sent to the Department of Oral Pathology.On microscopic examination, the tissue section revealed plexiform ameloblastoma with a prominent vascular component. It showed anastomosing cords and sheets of odontogenic epithelium in a loosely arranged vascular connective tissue stroma. The epithelium was surrounded by cubodial ameloblast like cells with central stellate reticulum like cells. The vascular component consisted of blood filled spaces of varying sizes lined by endothelial cells. At focal areas vascular spaces were large and compressing the odontogenic strands . A diagnosis of Hemangiomatous Amelobalstoma was made.Partial hemimandibulectomy was planned followed by immediate reconstruction with a nonvascularised illiac graft. But the patient was not cooperative and reluctant for surgical treatment and hence the procedure could not be carried out. The patient was recalled for follow up visits but did not return to the department. DisCussionAmeloblastoma is one of t...

Developmental abnormalities of breast can lead to formation of ectopic breast tissue which may present as polymastia or polythelia or in form of swelling along the milk line. Ectopic breast tissue can also develop pathological changes similar to normal located breast tissue. This report is about a case of fibroadenoma developing in ectopic breast tissue of axilla. A thirty-four-year-old female presented with painful swelling in right axilla for 2 years and was diagnosed with fibroadenoma of axillary tail of right breast. Excision biopsy of the swelling confirmed the diagnosis of fibroadenoma. Fibroadenoma must be considered for any axillary swelling along with other differential diagnoses like lymphadenopathy, carcinoma arising from ectopic breast tissue, lipoma, sebaceous cyst, tuberculosis, vascular lesions, cutaneous malignancies or secondaries in lymph nodes. Ectopic breast tissue should be subjected to similar evaluation and screening as is recommended for normally located breast tissue. The patient should also be evaluated for possibility of kidney and urinary tract malformations.

INTRODUCTION:Rising prevalence of hypertension is a major public health challenge in India especially in Kerala. This cross sectional study was done to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its determinants in a rural population of Kottayam, Kerala. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Community based cross sectional study was carried out among 400 adults aged 30 years and above in a randomly selected ward of Ettumanoor panchayath, which is the field practice area of Govt. Medical college, Kottayam. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding socio demographic and behavioral factors. Standardized sphygmomanometric blood pressure measurement was taken by trained team members twice for each individual and the average of the two was taken as blood pressure. Anthropometric measurements were also done. A systolic blood pressure of ≥140mm of Hg and or diastolic BP≥90mm of Hg was regarded as hypertension. Data analysis was done using the software Epi-info version 3.4.3. Chi square test revealed the association between hypertension (dependent variable) and other socio demographic and behavioural factors (independent variable). A p-value of <0.05 was taken as significant. All the significant variables are included in the binary logistic regression to find out Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) RESULTS: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 35% (males-33.8% females -35.6%). The variables which evolved as significant and remained so in binary logistic regression analysis were single status after marriage/ unmarried (AOR-2.45 95% CI 1.38-4.38), low educational status (AOR-2.31, 95%CI-1.46-3.64), family history of hypertension (AOR-1.85 95%CI-1.2-2.85) and trunkal obesity in females (AOR-2.41 95%CI-1.37-4.24) CONCLUSION: The present study revealed the prevalence (35%) and risk factors for hypertension in the study area. The results of the study can be used to develop messages to make the people aware of the problem of hypertension and its determinants and also the need for early diagnosis.

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