The current status of electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms which involves the synergy between atomic experiments and three different theoretical areas -particle, nuclear and atomic is reviewed. Various models of particle physics that predict CP violation, which is necessary for the existence of such electric dipole moments, are presented. These include the standard model of particle physics and various extensions of it. Effective hadron level combined charge conjugation (C) and parity (P) symmetry violating interactions are derived taking into consideration different ways in which a nucleon interacts with other nucleons as well as with electrons. Nuclear structure calculations of the CP-odd nuclear Schiff moment are discussed using the shell model and other theoretical approaches. Results of the calculations of atomic electric dipole moments due to the interaction of the nuclear Schiff moment with the electrons and the P and time-reversal (T) symmetry violating tensor-pseudotensor electron-nucleus are elucidated using different relativistic many-body theories. The principles of the measurement of the electric dipole moments of diamagnetic atoms are outlined. Upper limits for the nuclear Schiff moment and tensor-pseudotensor coupling constant are obtained combining the results of atomic experiments and relativistic many-body theories. The coefficients for the different sources of CP violation have been estimated at the elementary particle level for all the diamagnetic atoms of current experimental interest and their implications for physics beyond the standard model is discussed. Possible improvements of the current results of the measurements as well as quantum chromodynamics, nuclear and atomic calculations are suggested. .+y Nuclear tests of fundamental interactions and symmetries -31.15.ve Electron correlation calculations for atoms and ions: ground state PACS Higgs doublet modelsThe Higgs boson was recently discovered [4,5], but the detailed Higgs potential is still unknown. There are currently many well-motivated extensions of the Higgs sector BSM. The most well-known one is the two-Higgs doublet model (2HDM), and extensive studies have been performed [79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97].As the Higgs boson has a small coupling with light fermions, the one-loop level fermion EDM and the CP-odd four-fermion interactions are suppressed in 2HDM [98,99]. The leading contribution to the elementary level CP violation contributing to the EDM is the two-loop level Barr-Zee type diagram [79] [ Fig. 4 (b)], enhanced by the large Yukawa coupling of the top quark of the inner loop. The Barr-Zee type diagram contribution to the EDM of SM fermion can be written as [79]

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The magnetic moments of 17 N and 17 B were measured by using spin-polarized radioactive nuclear beams which were obtained from the projectile fragmentation reaction. The observed magnetic moment of 17 N, ͉͑ 17 N͉͒ϭ͑0.352Ϯ0.002͒ N , where N is the nuclear magneton, falls outside the Schmidt lines. By virtue of a simplifying feature of nuclear structure inherent in a p 1/2 valence nucleus, the deviation from the Schmidt value is attributed on firm ground to admixing of the configurations in which two neutrons in the sd shell are coupled to J ϭ2 ϩ. This interpretation is confirmed in standard shell-model calculations. The calculations reproduce fairly well the experimentally inferred amount of 2 ϩ admixture, as well as the experimental magnetic moment itself. The magnetic moment for 17 B was determined as ͉͑ 17 B͉͒ϭ͑2.545Ϯ0.020͒ N. The result is substantially smaller than the p 1/2 single-particle value, and the shell-model calculations indicate that the quenching of largely stems from J ϭ2 ϩ configurations of the sd neutrons. The observed amount of quenching, however, is larger than the shell-model predictions, suggesting an enhanced contribution of the 2 ϩ neutron configurations. This result is explained if the pairing energy for neutrons in the sd shell of a neutron-rich nucleus is assumed to diminish by about 30%. We also find that the use of the reduced pairing energy improves agreements in the magnetic moment and low-lying energy levels of 17 N as well. ͓S0556-2813͑96͒05005-4͔

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