| As world experience shows, of particular importance in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of young animals is replacement therapy, aimed at restoring intestinal biocenosis through the regulatory injection of live bacteria representing the normal intestinal microflora. Currently, the veterinary service has a sufficient number of domestic and imported probiotic products of various species composition, intended for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases of young animals and birds. However, monitoring of the probiotic market shows that the vast majority of developments are not in demand by practice. This circumstance gives grounds to assume that the approach to the development of probiotics should be based on the study of many parameters, including, first of all, a comprehensive assessment of the properties of microorganisms -probionts. The article presents the results of studying the effect of "Enterocol" from the strain E.coli 64G on the total amount of protein, quantitative and qualitative content of immunoglobulins in the blood serum of newborn calves. It was found that feeding off of the newborn calves with "Enterocol" helped to increase the concentration of total protein and immunoglobulins of all classes in the blood. The authors of the study came to the conclusion that the degree of the above increase depends on the dose of the drug given. Citation | Bulegenova M, Biyashev K, Kirkimbaeva Z, Biyashev B, Ermagambetova S, Oryntayev K, Altenov A (2019). The effect of the drug "enterocol" on the humoral factors of calf body resistance. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 7(8): 674-680.

This paper is the first study of the prevalence of leptospirosis in the cattle at slaughter from a rural area of Kazakhstan. Five hundred and seventy three samples of serum, urine, and kidneys from cattle of Alatau, Kazakh white and Auliyekol breed, aged from 2 to 5 years (unknown vaccination status), from the province of Almaty in the South-Eastern region were collected during four years (March 2010 to October 2013). The serological, bacteriological, and molecular analyses were performed. Serum samples were tested with 14 reference Leptospira serovars by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). MAT results showed that 89 (15.53%) serum samples had detectable antibodies against seven serovars of L. interrogans at a dilution of ≥1:100. Serovars: Pomona (38.2%), Tarassovi (27.2%), and Kabula (18.8%) were the most prevalent and their titres ranged from 100 to 1200. The spirochetes were detected in 11 samples of urine and nine samples of kidneys under dark-field microscope observation. The pure cultures were obtained from three samples. PCR technique confirmed leptospirosis in 23 out of 89 urine samples from cows, which showed the presence of leptospiral antibodies in microagglutination test. The high disease prevalence in cows indicates the high Leptospira contamination in this area. It was concluded that the bovine leptospirosis is an endemic and locally widespread disease in Kazakhstan, and that it may play a role in zoonotic transmission to humans.

At present, it is relevant to preserve and raise healthy, well-developed newborn animals adapted to new conditions, which form the basis for increasing the yield of animal husbandry. Gastrointestinal diseases cause the main losses of young animals. Acute gastrointestinal diseases of calves, lambs, piglets, and chickens are widespread in Kazakhstan. The study aims to develop a competitive treatment and prophylactic drug composition based on probiotic bacterial strains. Modern certified and standardized biochemical, microbiological, molecular biological studies were considered during the research. The morphological, cultural, and biochemical properties of the cultures were studied according to generally accepted schemes. Standard methods of finding averages and their mean errors were used for the mathematical processing of results. Antibiotics, sulfonamide, and nitrofuran drugs are the most common methods to combat diseases in young animals. However, the use of antibacterial agents often leads to the death of normal microflora, disrupting the microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract, the appearance of microorganisms with resistance to drugs, and a decrease in product quality. In this regard, the direction of biotechnology involved in the development and creation of environmentally friendly microbial preparations with prophylactic effectiveness is very relevant. Data on the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the probiotic strain of Escherichia coli 39-SN are presented.