Prevalence as well as intensity of infection of gastro-intestinal parasites in Black Bengal

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The study was conducted on socio-economic status and constraints faced by the farmers in purposively selected five aspirational districts (as identified by the NITI Aayog, Govt. of India) of West Bengal. Respondents were randomly selected from each district with a total sample size of 4285 number of farmers for the present study. The data was collected with the help of a pre-tested structured interview schedule. The study of various socio-economic indicators suggests that the majority of animal husbandry and fishery farmers in the aspirational districts were illiterate and belong to the most active age group, Hindu religion, and with lower economic status. Cultivation was the main occupation of the majority of farmers to maintain livelihood security. The analysis also revealed that the majority of the farmers were also engaged in livestock rearing. Finally, it also depicted various constraints like lack of training facilities, education etc. These were the major drawbacks for the upliftment of the socio-economic status of the farmers in the five selected districts of West Bengal which might be very much informative in the formulation of specific animal husbandry development plan in the study area.

The aim of this study was to determine the genetics of polymorph systems of Transferrin in Garole sheep breed. The present study was conducted on 95 adult Garole sheep comprising 52 ewes and 43 rams, maintained at Sheep and Goat Breeding Farm of West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, West Bengal, during the period from April-September, 2009. The polymorphism of transferrin was determined through SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique. It was found that the transferrin type was controlled by five codominant alleles (TfA, TfB, TfC TfD and TfE) in Garole sheep. These five alleles, because of co-dominant nature of inheritance, determined the occurrence of nine transferrin genotypes in the analyzed flock. Four (TfAA, TfBB, TfCC and TfDD) of these were homozygous and the remaining five (TfAD, TfBC, TfBD, TfCD and TfDE) heterozygous. It was found that the TfDD genotype (0.263) was predominant while TfDE genotype (0.042) was least common in the analyzed flock. Frequencies of other genotypes were as: TfCD(0.242), TfBD(0.126), TfCC(0.084), TfBB(0.074), TfAA(0.063), TfAD and TfBC (0.053 for each genotype ) in whole population. From the result it was found that in whole population combined, the heterozygotic genotypic frequency (0.516) was more than that of homozygotic genotypic frequency (0.484). Considerable variations were recognized in the frequencies of transferrin alleles. In the whole population frequencies of transferrin alleles were found to be TfA = 0.089, TfB = 0.163, TfC = 0.232, TfD = 0.495 and TfE = 0.021. Transferrin system has shown an absence of genetic equilibrium among the analyzed herd (chi2 value = 51.31). In conclusion, there were polymorphism in Transferrin types and the presence of differences among the frequencies of the five alleles by categories could be a source of genetic variation in Garole sheep.