This issue of Energy and TechnologyReview is devoted to the new and powerful lewis of accelerator 'miss spectrometry (AMS) and ion itiierobeam analysis. These accelerator microanalysis techniques are making contributions to an astonishing spectrum of fundamental problems in disciplines ranging from anthropology in zoology. The accelerator mass spectrometer is ^WWfi tti * ^Witti WS«\ YAwt aY&V. Yffct . TftVt backnuiiK iuige Is a portion of a painting believed to date fro. !".' 15th century; AMS was used to verily that t'••' canvas at least is that old. In the larger photograph, Ken Ttirleltauh, a researcher in LLNL's Hit'ni dical Sciences Division, is preparing si"" -"* lor studies using AMS to determine Ui «? Multocular effects of low-level exposures ti> toxic chemicals. Accelerator microanalysis requires u very small sample size (a few tens of micrograms to a few milligrams, many times smaller than that required by conventional analysis methods). J can detect isotopic concentrations as ID as one part in ID ,s (AM3)or elemental concentra:

Our solid-state microscope, specifically designed for computer input, enables us to do automated high-resolution population screening for blood-cell abnor malities or early signs of cancer. Nonmedical applications appear possible in powder metallurgy, geology, and semiconductor fabrication. Ion-Atom Interactions 10Our studies of ion-atom collisions have led to improved atomic-structure measurements, new techniques for determining elemental composition, and better x-ray detector calibrationsThe Free-Electron Laser Amplifier 19A new and promising source of high-power laser radiation has characteristics that may make it feasible for the production of fusion power on a commercial scale.

he Instituto of (;eOFHlYsic,__.lll(.I scientific l)rograms at the lahorat(iric, <.', ® The Center for (;eosciences. I'lanctary'l:_hysic,s (I(IPI _) ix a by tricot.li'aging collaborative work Research eilll_lla,sis is iri tile t_lly,'.iics nlulticall-ll-)U,Src,'.;carch unit o1"tile bctwccrl Laboratory scientists and and cllcrnistryof tile s(,litlearth, t inivcrsity til' Calil(_rnia (tiC), engineers and their UC collcaguos, including seismology, geochemistry, established iii 1946 lo l'ui'thcr The I(TiPP branch iii [,{lWl't:llt:o i.illtl tile sttitty oi' lho i_roporties _.111(t rcsoarcli ill lho cai'ih anti i:)lan01ai'y l_ivorillorc NalJonal lAiboralory behavior ()1'oarlh nlalorJals. sciences and iclalctt t'iclds and l(i (I(]Pi_-I,I_,NL) is lhc nlosi i'oconi • The Aslr(iphysics Research Foster inn()\,aiive nlullitliscilolJnal'y I_ranch, established by lhc Rcgcnls (]ellier, Research enll_hasis is in i'csc'ai'ch cl'l'oris thai tilli!'y and of lilt: [Jniversiiy !)t' Call l'orrlia in c()nll-ltllalional anti ()bSOl'Valional atiTiilClll lhc oxporiiso {71" osiahlisliod 1914]. I(IPP-IA,NI_ comt)rlsos throo asi)otis of astropliysics anti aeadt;:nli¢ clt:l_arlmonls, i(_;PP has i'csoarL'h ccnlors', aslroil('niy. I-n'anchcs al the l.xls Angeles, Still ii The (Center for High-Pressure LLN!,'s nlissi(in-ol'ionlc(I ' Diego,all(l Riverside Callli3tlSO,_ of' Sciences. Rt;SOal'CllCnll)hasis is in i)l'Ogl'tllllS pclrsuo al3131icl.ltions o1' tic and ;.li the l_cis Alamos and eXl_crinlenial, theoretical, and those disciplines in naiiOllal sccurily I._ix,'Ol'lll()i'c ilalit)nal Itll-l(il'atolies. In conll-)ulalioilal aspects o1"high-tilltl tont;l'gy I'C_sOtil'cll, I(IPI_-IA_NI_ i,_; addition tel cxt:ctitillg IhtJ I(-IPP pl't'_;Sl.ll'C i)tlysics I'OSo_.ii'ch anti aiilo lt) draw ()11tile Cal_abililics anti L'harlcr, the bi'allchcs i)l" I(]PP ;.ii the SUpl-)Oi'ls l'Ji'o7i'alllS in 7Ool)h,vsics, cxportisc in Ihc,_oprogi'aillS, and lm(> national labtirattwics arc intcn(It:d plancial'y physics, C()lldenscti-illallor tile CCllit2x_acl ;.is Focal points I'or : Lt) cilrich lhc cii_l_(iriunitics (_t:tic physics, chonlislry, illalci'ials i'cJsoarclaii/lhc inol'O i'tln(lalllt:illal L'allllltlS I't_C'al'C'llL;l'S aiiCI L(7I_!'oatlc_il S_.'icllCC, alltl t_il_inL't_rin_, aspccls o1' Ihc,<,¢al'Oas. In tloing so, Identifying the Universe's .... Dark Matter Models suggest that dark matter may consist of known particles, such as neutrons, protons, and electrons. A be(tr c)()¢_ ot' tilt m**lsso1 the btlicvcd (halt tlli,_ clw'k lal_ltltt" \',,(ts In siml)lc ttrtals, our ,'.;tr(dies,ire tlni\,crsc c(;iN.'_istx of rlorllunlinotls cotrll_Oscd oF ttl_ictcrltil'icd Mlrticlcs, dcsigrlcd t(_ exile(ric tl-ic wziy l._rotc;itls, ial_.lltcrtta;.tti_ clispcl'scd tllr(ILigllot.lt 1'110itltNtity o1'such ptirliclcs is still lati.iir()llS, _.iilCI tlcclrcJris inttr_tct lhc kla()wla nl;.lllcr (;ii'iilc tllliVel'Se, he(rig s(iuglll _.li vl.ll'i(ii.lSirlstituli(ms, with ctlcli (;itlaor t(i l'ol'lla lilt light Wt (.'till this iaoilluillinot, s stibstzlllcc At the If._It_P-LI,NI...

The State of the Laboratory his has been a memorable and developnlent (R&D)laboratories. with Laboratory is acquiring, developing. exciting x ear for the La_ rence a $3 to $4 billion plant that includes and applying breakthrough science and Li\ ermore National Laborator\-a many state-of-the-art experi_nental technology to meet major nati(mal year of chan,,e and achiexement. The facilities, needs and to create nev_ opl'x)rtunities Laborator,, continues to take a leadin,_ When the Laboratory was foundect for the 21st century. role in the defense of the United States 39 \'ears ag(). the University of Driven by the needs of the nuclear and the free _orld. and is taking a California recruited a world-class weapons program, the Laboratory ero_vin,, role in meetin,, the nation's s:ientific, en_-,ineering, technical, has for decades been a world leader _" _'-_.. civilian needs in the areas of energ}, and administrative _ orkforce. Two in high-performance computing. We environment, health, the economy, important breakthrough technologies-operate two major supercomputer and education, nuclear energ.v and supercomputers-centers: a classified center for the Laboratory funding is projected t(_ were acquired, developed, and applied weapons program, and a national increase sliehtl\ irl FY1992. t_ more to national needs, primarily in nuclear supercomputer center that supports than Sl. 1 b"illion. This is an indicator defense to prevent World War III and Department of Ener,,v=. (DOEl R&D of the stren,zth and xitalit\ ()f LLNL's secondarily in fusion power to provide projects nation,vide. Our overall multiple programs, particularlx in clean, safe. inexhaustible energ} for superc(_mputin,-prover has increased \iex_ c_l the end o1 the Cold War. the the 21 st century and beyond, nearly tenf()ld every ten \ears. LLNl, continuing decline of funding for _ur Ira the 1960s and "70s. the spends $2()() milli(m per year (m highnuclear _ capons progr_lms (3()c/ in the LaNwatorx acquired and developed performance ccmlputing, s(mle_vhat past fixe \earsi. and the national budget additi(mal core competencies, mc_re on soltxvare than _n hardy, are. crisi,,. The Lab_rat(wx "s staff ,,ize has principall\ in high-performance The Labc)ratorx's laser pre,grams declined ab_)ut 5e; in the past le_a lasers and in bi_logical science and are funded at in(we than 525() milli_m \ear,,. t(, 79(}() full-time empl_L_ce,,. techn(_l_/g5. The federal gc_xernment annuall\, c(imparable Iii the lunding (H NIcest of thi,, decline has been in the ha,, >,into expanded LLNL's inissi(ms the nucleaF x_.cap_,)n', pr(_gFanl. I,I,NL _ cap(m, pre,gram. T_dax. LLNl_ i,, t_ include en\ ir(mment and health alld. is a x_{_rld leader in the dc\ cl_pmcnt _me (:_tthe v,_wld',, larec,,t research and lll()st recentlx, the ec_m(_mx and science _H high-pcrf{_rmance la,,er,, l(w lusJ(':l. and math educati_,n. T_da\. the isotol'>e sel+_+.uation, and militar\ cle\olt_pnlent on schedule. Tile understLuldin._ oF Third W_rld nuclear Ltpplic+.tti<.mS. V,,:e have initiated +.m W89/SRAM II i,+l+mr...

Sparked by the announcement March 24, 1989, of a new nuclear fusion process, scientists around the world quickly attempted to reproduce the results'. Few other efforts' br recent scientific history have livaled tire level of activity created by tire cold fusion controversy. or more tharl thirty ycat's. ,,tron_ly suppt_rt.,, this clf_>rt, put together casiiv with ctm\'crllional research aimed at makinu despite lli,,h cost.,.+and uncertainties, material.',; at low uust. The heat ,,.+ corltrollud thcrmtmLlclcar fu.,,;ittn t,;irlcc the promise _+Ifusicm i.+, prociuucd irl their c¢II'.,, according reactions irl tllc lal"toratory has been