No abstract

K. 2000. Poultry manure effects on soil nitrogen processes and nitrogen accumulation in red raspberry. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 80: 849-860. This study examined the effects of solid poultry layer manure addition on soil N processes and on dry matter and N accumulation in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). In trials conducted in two years, approximately 50% of the 400 kg total N ha -1 applied as manure was recovered as soil inorganic N 1 mo after manure application when manure was incorporated within 4 h of application. Three trials were conducted in two commercial raspberry fields: one with no history of manure use and one other with a history of heavy annual applications of poultry manure. Treatments included 55 kg N ha -1 as NH 4 NO 3 , 100 or 200 kg total N ha -1 as manure, and a control that received no manure or fertilizer N. Soil inorganic N to 60 cm depth was measured throughout the growing season. Berry yield was estimated, and dry matter and N accumulation was determined in floricanes at first berry ripening and in primocanes at the end of the growing season. Few significant effects of N fertilization were measured for any crop yield, growth or N accumulation parameter. This was attributed to the large (> 150 kg N ha -1 ) supply of N to the crop in the unamended soil, primarily from soil N mineralization. Dry matter accumulation in the fruiting clusters was strongly correlated to estimated berry yield, and may provide a simple means for assessing relative yield within experiments. Soil nitrate measured in August after berry harvest may serve as a "report card" to assess N management in the current growing season, to refine fertilizer N management for subsequent growing seasons, and as an index of the risk of nitrate leaching over the following fall and winter in south coastal British Columbia. ). Au cours d'essais de deux ans, quelque 50 % des 400 kg d'azote total par hectare apporté sous forme de fumier était récupéré à l'état minéral un mois après l'épandage lorsque le fumier était incorporé au sol dans les 4 heures suivant l'épandage. Trois essais étaient réalisés dans deux framboisières commerciales, l'une sans antécédents d'utilisation de fumier et l'autre qui avait reçu au cours des années d'abondantes quantités annuelles de fumier de volaille. Les traitements comparés étaient : 55 kg N ha -1 sous forme de NH 4 NO 3 , 100 ou 200 kg N total ha -1 sous forme de fumier de volaille et un témoin sans apport de N organique ou minéral. La teneur en N minéral du sol jusqu'à 60 cm de profondeur était mesurée tout au long de la saison de végétation. Le rendement fruitier était calculé et la teneur en matière sèche et l'accumulation de N dans les tiges de deuxième année étaient mesurés à la maturité des premiers fruits et dans celle de première année à la fin de la saison. L'apport de N n'avait que peu d'effet significatif sur les des paramètres de rendement, de croissance ou d'accumulation de N, ce qui s'explique par l'abondante biodisponibilité de N (>150 kg ha -1 ) dans le sol non engraissé, surtout sous forme ...

. Nutrient losses to soil from field storage of solid poultry manure. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 183-189. The study was done to quantify the effect of uncovered field storage of solid poultry manure in south coastal British Columbia on a site where solid turkey manure was stored uncovered each fall and winter for approximately 6 yr. The soil was sampled to 370 cm depth in a transect with six sampling locations: two in the manure storage area, and two on either side of the manure storage area. The soil was analyzed for the concentrations of total organic C, total Kjeldahl N, ammonium, nitrate, K, P, Mg, and Na in addition to soil pH and electrical conductivity. The mass of nutrients to 370 cm depth was 39 700 and 330 kg NH 4 + -N ha -1 , 500 and 480 kg NO 3 --N ha -1 , 36 400 and 1440 kg K ha -1 , 12 100 and 2190 kg P ha -1 , 3150 and 1140 kg Mg ha -1 and 9850 and 975 kg Na ha -1 for the manure storage and non-storage sampling locations, respectively. The depth weighted average soil pH was 8.4 and 4.7 and average soil electrical conductivity was 3.3 and 0.3 dS m -1 for the manure storage and nonstorage sampling locations, respectively. The lack of an increase in soil nitrate concentration in the manure storage area was attributed to concentrations of free ammonia in soil solution toxic to nitrifying bacteria. The results highlight the high potential for nutrient loss from uncovered fall and winter field storage of poultry manure in south coastal British Columbia.Key words: Turkey manure, soluble C, soil ammonium, free ammonia, electrical conductivity Zebarth, B. J., Paul, J. W. et Chipperfield, K. 1999. Pertes en élément nutritif du sol résultant du stockage au champ à décou-vert du fumier de volaille solide. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 183-189. Nous avons quantifié l'effet du stockage à découvert au champ du fumier de volaille solide dans le sud-ouest de la Colombie-Britannique. L'expérience se déroulait à un endroit où du fumier solide de dinde avait été stocké à l'air libre chaque automne-hiver depuis environ 6 ans. Des prélèvements de sol étaient réalisés jusqu'à la profondeur de 370 cm, selon un transect comprenant 6 points d'échantillonnage: deux au site même du terrain de stockage et deux de chaque côté. Les analyses du sol portait sur les concentrations de C organique total, de N total mesuré au Kjeldahl, de l'ammoniac, du nitrate, de K, P, Mg et Na ainsi que sur le pH et la conductivité électrique. La masse des éléments nutritifs jusqu'à 370 cm de profondeur s'établissait, respectivement, à 39 700 et 330 kg N-NH 4 + , 500 et 480 kg N-NO 3 -, 36 400 et 1 440 kg K, 12 100 et 2 190 kg P, 3 150 et 1 140 kg Mg et 9 850 et 975 kg Na par hectare pour les prélèvements provenant du site même du stockage et pour ceux pris de chaque côté. De même, le pH moyen du sol pondéré en fonction de la profondeur du sol était, respectivement, de 8,4 et de 4,7 et la conductivité électrique de 3,3 et 0,3 dS m -1 . L'absence de tout accroissement de la concentration de nitrates du sol au lieu même du stockage est attribuée à l'effet toxiqu...

Spatial and temporal variation in soil inorganic N concentration, and soil test P and K, in red raspberry fields and implications for soil sampling strategies. Can. J. Soil Sci. 82: 355-364. Fertilizer is commonly applied as a band in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fields, resulting in complex spatial and temporal variation in soil inorganic N concentration, and in soil test P and K. The objectives of this study were to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of soil inorganic N in red raspberry fields receiving different N fertility treatments, to use the data to determine the most appropriate sampling strategies for estimating the quantity of soil inorganic N at various times during the growing season, and to evaluate the same sampling strategies for soil test P and K. Treatments were a control that received no manure or fertilizer N, 55 kg N ha -1 as urea or as Duration T60, a slow release N fertilizer, banded in mid-April, or 100 kg total N ha -1 as solid broiler manure broadcast or banded in early March, or banded in mid-April. Soil inorganic N was sampled at 10 interrow locations 8, 23, 38, 53, 68, 83, 98, 113, 128, and 143 cm from the crop row, and for 0-15, 15-30, and 30-60 cm depth, for four sampling dates for the control and urea treatments, and for 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth on one sampling date for the remaining treatments. Random sampling and four systematic sampling strategies were evaluated for their bias in estimating soil inorganic N concentration and soil test P and K, and with respect to the number of soil cores required to achieve a given precision and probability level combination. The random sampling strategy gave unbiased estimates of soil inorganic N and soil test P and K, however, the number of cores required to obtain a given precision at a given probability level were generally greater than for the systematic sampling strategies. The systematic sampling strategy involving sampling only in the crop row and in the centre of the inter-row, the current industry standard, gave expected values that could sometimes be substantially lower than the true value, and was therefore not recommended for use in raspberry fields. The best systematic sampling strategy used samples collected from the crop row, from the fertilizer band, from the centre of the inter-row, and from midway between the fertilizer band and the centre of the inter-row. [355][356][357][358][359][360][361][362][363][364]. Dans les cultures de framboise (Rubus idaeus L.), on applique souvent l'engrais en bandes, ce qui entraîne une variation spatiale et temporelle complexe du N inorganique ainsi que du dosage du P et du K dans le sol. L'expérience devait déterminer la répartition spatiale et temporelle du N inorganique dans les framboisières amendées de diverses manières avec un engrais azoté, servir à établir la meilleure technique d'échantillonnage pour estimer la quantité de N inorganique pendant la période végétative à partir des données recueillies et préciser l'utilité des stratégies d'échantillonnage pour le dosage du...