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World-wide, biomass is the most used nonfossil fuel and is expanding from its traditional thermal applications to more usage for liquid fuels and electricity. More than 9 gigawatts of biomass electrical generation capacity have been installed in the United States, primarily by forest products industries, since the Public Utilities Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) was passed. Combined heat and power (CHP) technologies promise to improve power-to-heat efficiencies to strengthen the economic viability of these electrical generating methods. These technologies, which are now being tested and demonstrated, employ industrial and aeroderivative gas turbines; use a variety of feedstocks including agricultural wastes, residues, and dedicated energy crops; and range in size from 8 MW to 75 MW. Specific demonstrations with the U.S. Department of Energy Biomass Power Program and partners in Vermont and Hawaii are discussed.

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