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The advancements of computation capabilities and efficient flowsheet simulators have led simulation based real-time optimization (RTO) of continuous processes to become a prominent topic in the last years. This contribution discusses prerequisites to help guarantee the economic viability of an RTO project as well as the deliberations that should be performed prior to its initiation. Additionally, considerations regarding collaborations with various technical fields are highlighted and approaches to alleviate some challenges associated with the implementation of RTO are discussed. Motivation and IntroductionAn ever increasing global competition and tightening of product requirements has continuously fortified the necessity of improving production processes [1]. Over the last decades multiple advancements in the field of mathematics, thermodynamics, process systems engineering, and computational sciences have promoted the development of online model-based real-time optimization (RTO). Among these advancements are the availability of efficient flowsheet simulators, the development of improved property calculations methods, the advent of equation oriented modeling, and improved optimization algorithms for nonlinear systems. Due to these advancements, RTO has received a significant amount of attention in both the industrial and academic literature, thus, becoming an ever more prominent topic. An abundance of successful RTO implementations can be found in numerous industrial fields ranging from [2 -4] in the petrochemical industry, [5 -7] in the chemical industry, to [8,9] in the energy and water supply sector. Adding to this, concepts and overviews of RTOtopics were written repeatedly over the last decades, such as contributions by Naysmith and Douglas [1] or by Darby et al. from 2011 [10].Even though the topic is well known and many successful RTO implementations can be found, (~250 to 300 using commercially available techniques [10]) opposing opinions can still be found when it comes to an investment decision concerning RTO. In most cases, the benefits are seen and a consensus exists to carry out an investment. In other cases, however, it was concluded that RTO is not viable. This history as well as experiences of the last years affords us the opportunity to deliberate the success of RTO technology in the chemical industry and to carry out a discussion of when RTO truly becomes viable for a company. Therefore, the aim of this article is to shed light on the following arising questions from an industrial perspective: -The time when a company should continue to invest in RTO applications. -Deliberations performed prior to the implementation of RTO. -Considered collaborations to successfully realize an RTO project. -Considered factors and challenges to increase the likelihood of success of an RTO project. As background information, a brief overview of RTO's role in the control and decision making hierarchy of a plant as well as the main steps in the RTO functionality cycle is given.www.cit-journal.com

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