Agglomeration has many applications in food processing and major applications include easy flow table salt, dispersible milk powder and soup mix, instant chocolate mix, beverage powder, compacted cubes for nutritional-intervention program, health bars using expanded/puffed cereals, etc. The main purpose of agglomeration is to improve certain physical properties of food powders such as bulk density, flowability, dispersability, and stability. Agglomerated products are easy to use by the consumers and hence are preferred over the traditional non-agglomerated products that are usually non-flowable in nature. The properties of food agglomerates and the process of agglomeration like employing pressure, extrusion, rewetting, spray-bed drying, steam jet, heat/sintering, and binders have been reviewed. The physical and instant properties of agglomerated food products have also been discussed.

Two dimensional steady state Navier-Stokes computations were performed to determine the effect of Gurney flap on NACA 4412 and NACA 0011 airfoils. Gurney flap sizes selected for the study range from 0.5% to 4% of the airfoil chord. A compressible Navier-Stokes solver with Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model, JUMBO2D, is used to predict the flow field around the airfoils. Computed results have been compared with available experimental and computational data. There is good correlation observed between computed and experimental data. Addition of Gurney flap increases the lift coefficient significantly with very little drag penalty if proper Gurney flap height is selected. Nose down pitching moment also increases with Gurney flap height. Flow field structure near the trailing edge shows very good resemblance with Liebeck's hypothesis that provides the possible explanation for the increased aerodynamic performance.

No abstract

The effect of Salicylic Acid (SA) in inducing resistance in groundnut plants against Alternaria alternata was investigated. Foliar application of SA at the concentration of 1 mM significantly reduced the leaf blight disease intensity and increased the pod yield under glasshouse conditions. Changes in the activities of phenylalanine ammonium lyase, chitinase b-1,3 glucanase and in phenolic content on groundnut after application of SA and inoculation with A. alternate were studied. In SA-treated leaves (plants) an increase in phenolic content was observed five days after challenge inoculation with A. alternata in groundnut plants pretreated with SA. There was a marked increase in chitinase and pathogen inoculation in SA-treated leaves. In chitinase, b-1,3 glucanase activities were observed in response to plants with an increase in SA treated leaves. Foliar applications of SA-induced in peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities were observed upon challenge inoculation with pathogen.