New structural, paleomagnetic, and apatite (U‐Th)/He results from the continental margin inboard of the Queen Charlotte fault (∼54°N) delineate patterns of brittle faulting linked to transform development since ∼50 Ma. In the core of the orogen, ∼250 km from the transform, north striking, dip‐slip brittle faults and vertical axis rotation of large crustal domains occurred after ∼50 Ma and before intrusion of mafic dikes at 20 Ma. By 20 Ma, dextral faulting was active in the core of the orogen, but extension had migrated toward the transform, continuing there until <9 Ma. Local tilting in the core of the orogen is associated with glacially driven, post‐4 Ma exhumation. Integration with previous results shows that post‐50 Ma dextral and normal faulting affected a region ∼250 km inboard of the transform and ∼300 km along strike. Initially widespread, the zone of active extension narrowed and migrated toward the transform ∼25 Ma after initiation of the transform, while dextral faulting continued throughout the region. Differential amounts of post‐50 Ma extension created oroclines at the southern and northern boundaries of the deformed region. This region approximately corresponds to continental crust that was highly extended just prior to transform initiation. Variation in Neogene crustal tilts weakens interpretations relying on uniform tilting to explain anomalous paleomagnetic inclinations of mid‐Cretaceous plutons. Similarities to the Gulf of California suggest that development of a transform in continental crust is aided by previous crustal extension and that initially widespread extension narrows and moves toward the transform as the margin develops.
The leachabilities of technetium and nitrate wastes immobilized in cement-based materials (i.e., grouts) have been investigated using ANS 16.1 test procedures. Factors found to affect the leachabilities include (1) grout mix ratio, (2) grout fluid density, (3) dry solid blend composition (including ground blast furnace slag), and (4) waste concentration.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astrobiology Institute (NAI) conducted two “Workshops Without Walls” during 2010 that enabled global scientific exchange—with no travel required. The second of these was on the topic “Molecular Paleontology and Resurrection: Rewinding the Tape of Life.” Scientists from diverse disciplines and locations around the world were joined through an integrated suite of collaborative technologies to exchange information on the latest developments in this area of origin of life research. Through social media outlets and popular science blogs, participation in the workshop was broadened to include educators, science writers, and members of the general public. In total, over 560 people from 31 US states and 30 other nations were registered. Among the scientific disciplines represented were geochemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology and evolution, and microbial ecology. We present this workshop as a case study in how interdisciplinary collaborative research may be fostered, with substantial public engagement, without sustaining the deleterious environmental and economic impacts of travel.
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