Purpose: The research aimed to identify the important problems facing the agricultural extension system in Egypt. Research Method: A simple random sample was selected from the extension workers in Fayoum and Beheira governorates (196 respondents) Data collection was done from October 2020 to February 2021, using a questionnaire designed based on the framework of modernization and development of agricultural extension systems developed by FAO. Findings: The results indicated that the extension organization in Egypt suffers from aging and erosion (62.2% of the surveyed agricultural extension workers are over 46 years old), 58.7% of the surveyed Extension workers were not specialized in agricultural extension. the extension workers were not sufficiently satisfied with their work. As for the important problems facing extension work in Egypt, foremost of which was the problem centralization, lack of authority delegation, absence of institutional work, absence of funding sources, weakness of the operational budget, weakness of the academic programs before service, absence of adequate training opportunities, absence of a clear and integrative mechanism to link agricultural extension with scientific research institutions, in addition to the absence of coordination with colleges of agriculture and veterinary medicine, mass media, NGOs, and private sector could be identified. Research Limitation: This study was based on a small sample in two governorates. Therefore, policymakers should be careful to generalize the findings to a broad context. Originality/ Value: This study dealt with extension problems within the framework of modernization and development of agricultural extension systems developed by FAO, to provide officials with a vision of the most important problems and reform priorities.

A field experiments were conducted at Belbeis, Sharkia governorate, to evaluate the economic impact of irrigating green bean plants with agricultural drainage water remedied with DHS technology. The obtained results showed that agricultural drainage water is reused in Egypt, where it provides about 15% of the country's irrigation needs. The costs of remediating one cubic metre of agricultural drainage water with the DHS technology totaled LE 1.03, and the amounts of remediated agricultural drainage water used to irrigate green beans grown in a soil ecosystem remediated with either microorganisms or clay minerals was reduced by 50% and 28.6% of their treasury, respectively. The net return per feddan under irrigation with remediated agricultural drainage water reached 261 percent over its counterpart irrigated with non-remediated agricultural drainage water, and the cost of each ton produced decreased under irrigation with remediated agricultural drainage water to LE 35,720. This represents 83 % more for plants grown in non-remediated soil ecosystem and irrigated with non-remediated agricultural drainage water.

An economic evaluation of the effect of irrigating tomato plants with agricultural drainage water remediated with DHS technology was conducted in a field experiment at Rahawy, Giza governorate. According to the findings, Egypt's reuse of agricultural drainage water meets around 15% of its irrigation needs, while the overall expenses of remediating one cubic metre of agricultural drainage water using DHS technology reached LE 1.03. The volume of irrigation water used to grow tomato plants decreased by 5% in non-remediated soil ecosystems, 14% in soil ecosystems remediated by microbial inoculation and fortified by bentonite clay mineral, and 22% in soil ecosystems receiving a mix of clay minerals, rock phosphate, and sulphur and inoculated by Thiobacillus sps and phosphate dissolving bacteria PDB. the productivity of one feddan of tomato crop irrigated with non-remediated agricultural drainage water reached 11.31 tons per feddan, irrigation with agricultural drainage water increased tomato crop by about 31%, all studied indicators of the economic efficiency of tomato production grown in remediated soil ecosystem and irrigated with remediated agricultural drainage water were higher than their counterparts grown in non-remediated soil ecosystem and irrigated with non-remediated agricultural drainage water.