Pharmacokinetic parameters of amikacin were determined in 12 healthy volunteers after a 1-hr continuous intravenous infusion of 7.5 mg of the drug/kg. The serum concentration rose rapidly to a peak of 37.5 +/- 4.9 mug/ml at the termination of the infusion and declined to 1.3 +/- 0.5 mug/ml 8 hr later. The mean half-life was 114 +/- 16.7 min, and the apparent volume of distribution was 18.1% +/- 1.8% of body weight. During a 4-hr constant intravenous infusion in three subjects, amikacin was cleared from the kidney at a mean rate of 84.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and from the serum at a mean rate of 129.7 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Of the administered dose, 93.5% was recovered from the urine in 24 hr (81.7% during the first 6 hr). After single intramuscular injections of 5 mg/kg in 30 patients, serum levels peaked at 1 hr (21.4 +/- 5.4 mug/ml) and declined to 2.4 +/- 0.9 mug/ml by 8 hr. Of 33 patients with serious urinary or bronchopulmonary infections (usually superimposed on chronic organic pathology) treated with amikacin (10 or 15 mg/kg per day for eight to 17 days), 27 had a clinical remission, and in 15 of these patients the pathogen was eradicated.

Patients with active sarcoidosis but not healthy controls demonstrate immunoproteasome in the lung tissue and in granulomas. Thus, the putative immune response in sarcoidosis may be mediated or sustained by the proteasomal system.

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Pflanzenole, Prooxydantien Metalle, Bestimmung, Pflanzenole Zur photometrischen Simultanbestimmung von Eisen-, Kupfer-und Nickelgehalten in Pflanzenolen wird ein modifiziertes KARVANEK-Verfahren vorgeschlagen und angewendet. Die photometrische Bestimmung des durch Salzsaure extrahierbaren Eisen-, Kupferund Nickelgehaltes in rohen und raffinierten Raps-und Sonnenblumenolen hat ergeben, daB die untersuchten Rohole 0,22 bis IO,I ppm Eisen und 0,06 bis 0.62 ppm Kupfer enthalten, w a r e n d bei den Raffinaten nur noch 0,06 bis 0,32 ppm Eisen und O,OI bis 0,04 ppm Kupfer gefunden werden. Die Untersuchungen an 81en unterschiedlichen Raffinationsgrades zeigen, daB bei der Entschleimung, der Entsauerung und der Bleichung der Metallgehalt reduziert wird (insgesamt etwa um 75%). wobei hauptsachlich die ionogen gebundenen Metalle beseitigt werden.