The outbreak of the disease and infection in the hospital environment and medical equipment is one of the concerns of modern life. One of the effective ways for preventing and reducing the complications of infections is modification of the surface. Here, the handmade atmospheric plasma spray system is used for accumulating copper as an antibacterial agent on the 316L stainless steel substrate, which applies to hospital environment and medical equipment. As a durable coating with proper adhesion is needed on the substrate, the effect of stand-off distance (SOD) which is an important parameter of the spray on the microstructure, the hardness and adhesion of the copper coating on the 316L stainless steel were investigated. The structure and phase composition of copper depositions were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The adhesion and hardness of depositions are evidenced using the cross cut tester and Vickers hardness tester, respectively. The findings confirm that the voids in the coatings increase with increasing SOD, which leads to decreasing the hardness of coatings and also the adhesion strength between depositions and substrate. In addition, by increasing the SOD, the oxygen content and the size of grains in the lamellae (fine structure) of coatings also increase.

The effect of external magnetic field and internal heat generation or absorption on a steady two-dimensional natural convection flow of viscous incompressible fluid along a uniformly heated vertical wavy surface has been investigated. The governing boundary layer equations are first transformed into a non-dimensional form using suitable set of dimensionless variables. The transformed boundary layer equations are solved numerically using the implicit finite difference method, known as Keller-box scheme. Numerical results for velocity, temperature, skin friction, the rate of heat transfer are obtained for different values of the selected parameters, such as viscous dissipation parameter (Vd), heat generation parameter (Q), magnetic parameter (M) and presented graphically and discussed. Streamlines and isotherms are presented for selected values of heat generation parameter and explained.

An analysis is presented to investigate the influences of viscous and pressure stress work on MHD natural convection flow along a uniformly heated vertical wavy surface. The governing equations are first modified and then transformed into dimensionless non-similar equations by using set of suitable transformations. The transformed boundary layer equations are solved numerically using the implicit finite difference method, known as Keller-box scheme. Numerical results for the velocity profiles, temperature profiles, skin friction coefficient, the rate of heat transfers, streamlines and isotherms are shown graphically. Some results of skin friction, rate of heat transfer are presented in tabular form for selected values of physical parameters.

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