The two-dimensional IONM method is suitable for verification of bladder and IAS innervation. Accurate prediction of urinary and anorectal function necessitates both bladder manometry and EMG of the IAS.

Online signal processing of internal anal sphincter activity aids reliable identification of pelvic autonomic nerves with potential for improvement of intra-operative neuromonitoring in pelvic surgery.

Intraoperative verification of IAS function by stimulation of pelvic autonomic nerves is possible. The IAS electromyographic response could be used to monitor pelvic autonomic nerve preservation.

No abstract