An important issue related to the international exchange of goods is the legal norms related to customs issues. In this area, customs procedures are important issues. The is deals with the problem of legal regulations on the application of customs procedures in international trade. The article deals with the issue of customs procedures applied to the issue of the introduction of goods into the customs territory of the European Union. The considerations are illustrated on the example of one of the member countries of the European Union. Classifications and characteristics of customs procedures are presented. In order to illustrate the considerations presented in the work, the process of transportation of goods from one of the member countries of the European Union to Singapore was analyzed in terms of the selection of the customs procedure. The article also presents examples of events and factors causing disruptions in transportation processes, which not only translate into transportation and trade costs, but also can affect potential disruptions in supply chains.

This work is a logical continuation of studies presented in the author’s previous publications [1,2,3] on establishing the analytical application features of the developed methodology for simulating natural tests in accordance with UN/ECE Regulation No. 66. [4], as well as evaluating the identity between calculated and experimental results of checking the reserve of cabin space. The relevance of the proposed methodology is primarily related to the need to comply with the requirements of the current Regulation regarding the level of passive safety of passengers in the cabin during the certification of buses: a real-life approach to testing is conducted with a series of crash tests, which lead to the inevitable destruction of the bus body frame. We would like to remind that the specific weight of the body cost in the total cost of the bus, depending on its type, can reach up to 50% of its price, which leads to exorbitant costs during the certification of road prototypes before the start of their commercial operation.

The core idea of the research consists in a formulation of boundary conditions of a mechanical accelerator pedal’s strength in an Ansys environment, whose conditions are equivalent to full-scale tests under the critical loads defined by the UNECE’s Regulation No. 13. The lack of regulatory requirements for the strength of pedal types other than brake pedals is a major gap in vehicle certification, especially when it comes to agricultural machinery. In such cases, the authors suggest being guided by UNECE R 13 regarding the strength of the accelerator and other types of pedals and checking their behavior under loads of at least 1000 N. The real value of the yield strength of the material (Silumin 4000) is very important, both in the physical real-life experiments and in FEA simulation. The critical case of a short-term shock loading of the pedal in its extreme position has been considered separately. With the help of the Ansys Explicit Dynamics module, results of a pedal’s behavior were obtained; it lost its integrity and suffered destruction. It is also necessary to check the intermediate stress values depending on the loads for direct and hybrid tasks using the Transient Structural module in order to estimate other critical cases of the pedal behavior.

Work describes an approach to complex thermal analysis of buses salons starting from engine heat radiation and with its further distribution along the internal bus volume. Provided workflow chain in the article could be used as the base for any bus type climate and thermal investigation with the next optimization events. Heat analysis with materials thermal conductivity parameters was proceeded using Ansys Fluent and Ansys Steady State Thermal addons. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to draw conclusions about the impact of different parameters (temperature, heat radiation, humidity, etc) on the buses salons microclimate. Presented work could be much actual in practical plane like methodology used for efficient bus bodies development by engineers who could apply suggested materials for calculating the distribution of heat from the engine in the passenger compartment of the bus and studying the microclimate in different operating conditions. That could be especially valuable at the stage of the new bus models design and modelling.

The work is dedicated to the thermal behavior and stress-strain state of ventilated disc brakes installed in the lightweight vehicles (scooters, electric bikes, ATVs, etc.) using ANSYS environment in various experiment modes. Modeling of the temperature distribution in the rotor (disc) and the corresponding brake pads is determined taking into account a number of factors and input parameters during the braking operation: the amount of rotation speed, the gap between the pads and the disc, the speed of load application, thermal expansion, etc. Numerical modeling of the transient thermal and the stress fields in the area of contact between the pads and the rotor is carried out by the method of sequential thermostructural connection of the intermediate calculation states of the brake model in the ANSYS Coupled Field Transient environment. For a comprehensive assessment of brake behavior, our research considers two load approaches: constant long-term (20 s) with an influence factor in the form of thermal expansion as a result of contact pair friction; linear load from the pads on the disс with a corresponding increase in pressure up to the moment when the rotation of the system is blocked. Our research presents an assessment of the rotor ventilation channels influence on the nature of the contact spot with the brake pads (open far-field contact, sliding contact, sticking contact, etc.). In addition, it is demonstrated that despite the linear increase in pads pressure on the rotor, the graphs of temperatures, volume (thermal expansion) and stresses are of parabolic character with a disproportionate increase in indicators. Such a result forces us to come to the conclusion that it is not possible to predict the behavior of the brakes based on the analysis during a short period of time of the experiment - conducting long-term analytical studies is extremely important in the case of brakes