No abstract

The gems that adorn two golden chalices from Einsiedeln Abbey (Switzerland) crafted in 1609 and 1629 were investigated using Raman spectroscopy. The results were also compared with those obtained by other non-destructive means such as microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The chalice made in 1609 was adorned with 16 corundum (15 rubies and 1 sapphire), four garnets (two almandine and two grossular), seven quartzes (six amethysts and one citrine) and one peridot (forsterite olivine). All pearls of this chalice were found to be from a saltwater mollusc. The chalice crafted in 1629 was adorned with 23 diamonds. Compilation of all the results does not exclude that the stones mounted to the chalices are of 'oriental' origin. However, more research needs to be done by additional spectroscopic means to shed more light on their origin.

No abstract

In the framework of the DEMO divertor project of EUROfusion an extensive R&D program has been carried out to develop advanced design concepts for hot water cooled divertor targets. These plasma-facing components made of W blocks as plasma facing material and CuCrZr as cooling tubes should allow a reliable DEMO operation for 2 h long pulses and maximum heat fluxes up to 20 MW/m². Compared to ITER, the operation at the higher coolant temperature of 150 °C, the longer required lifetime, and the significantly higher neutron fluence are the design challenges exceeding the current extent of experience. In this study we present high heat flux test results of a total of 34 tested W monoblock mock-ups. 14 of them where tested with 20 MW/m² heat flux at DEMO hot water cooling conditions up to now. All tests were performed in the HHF test facility GLADIS from 2016 to 2018. Furthermore, we discuss results from the post exposure investigation of selected concepts of the first R&D phase.

No abstract