Relevance. The problem of selection improvement of wheat in terms of grain quality is currently relevant. One of the genetic sources for improving grain quality are amphidiploids obtained by hybridizing tetraploid wheat species with the wild related species Aegilops tauschii Coss. (in the world literature they are now referred to as synthetics or synthetic hexaploids - SH). Purpose of the study was to evaluate the grain quality indicators of 29 introgression lines obtained by hybridization of synthetic hexaploids Triticum durum Desf. - Aegilops tauschii Coss. and T.persicum Vav. – Ae.tauschii with bread spring wheat variety Kharkivska 26. Methods. Protein content, gluten content, gluten quality according to gluten deformation index (GDI) in grain grown in different weather conditions - 2015, 2016, 2017, and protein content also in 2020, were analyzed.The analysis of grain quality was carried out in the Laboratory of genetics, biotechnology and grain quality of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of NAAS. The protein content in the grain was determined using an InfraLUM FT-10 device. The gluten quality was determined using an VDK-1 M device. The trait indicators were evaluated on a scale: 0-15 - group III, unsatisfactorily strength; 20-40 - group II, satisfactorily strength; 45-75 - group I, good; 80-100 - group II, satisfactorily weak; 105-120 - group III, unsatisfactorily weak. Evaluation of ecological plasticity and stability was carried out according to the method of Eberhart S.A. and Russel W.A. (1966). Results. The protein content in the grain of the studied lines varied depending on the year conditions. 2017 and 2015 were favorable for the manifestation of the trait being characterized by less precipitation during the period of grain ripening; unfavorable was 2020 - the most humid; intermediate was 2016. The average rate of recurrent variety Kharkivska 26 was 14.6%. The highest protein content was noted in the lines DK 26 and DK 22, respectively, 16.4% and 15.9%. The following lines also exceeded the recurrent variety: DK 4, DK 21, DK 23, DK 30, DK 37, DK 39, DK 44, DK 48, DK 50, DKS 16, DKS 18, DKS 19. The lines of DKS 14 and DKS 15 had the lowest protein content – respectively 12.8% and 13.0%. The lines DK 25, DK 27, DK 39, DK 44 showed relatively high rates of reaction to the year conditions – the plasticity (bi from 1.69 to 2.18). Of these, more stable in the trait manifestation are DK 25 and DK 27: sd is 0.34 and 0.58, respectively. The years 2015 and 2017 were more favorable for gluten accumulation as well as for the protein content, 2016 was unfavorable one. The highest content of crude gluten – from 30.5% to 34.3% – was showed for the lines DK 21, DK 22, DK 26, DK 39, DKS 16, DKS 17, DKS 19 whereas the average grade of Kharkivska 26 was of 27.5%. Of these, DK 21, DK 22, DK 26, DKS 16, DKS 19 were also high in protein. The reaction to year conditions of most lines was characterized by a regression coefficient bi from 0.8 to 1.6 at the rate of Kharkivska 26 of 1.5. The greatest variation showed the line DK 7. The combination of the reaction to year conditions a stable trait manifestation showed DK 22 and DKS 19: bi would be 1.1 and 1.4, sd - 0.00 and 0.01, respectively. In terms of gluten quality, 12 lines are assigned to the first - the best group. Most of the lines, as well as the Kharkivska 26 variety, belonged to group II - satisfactorily weak. Of the samples of the Ist group, the lines DK 47, DKS 12, DKS 13, DKS 18 were more stable on this trait as compared to others. The lines DK 21, DKS 16, DKS 18, in addition to the gluten quality, were also distinguished by the content of protein and gluten; the lines DK 23 and DK 30 – by protein content; DKS 17, DKS 20 – by the gluten content. Analysis of pedigrees shows that among the lines identified for each of the three traits, there are descendants of all synthetics. Therefore, the involvement of synthetics as such is promising for improving grain quality indicators. In our experiments, the protein and gluten content in most lines was higher in the drier years - 2015 and 2017. In the same years, the GDI was usually lower, and therefore closer to better. It should be noted that the parameters by which the lines are selected correspond to the baking properties of the grain. Samples with low protein and low gluten can be valuable for the manufacture of other products - cookies, pita, etc. Thus, the results of our research proved the prospects of using synthetics as a source of grain quality improvement in the selection of spring soft wheat. Perspectives. It is concluded that the use of synthetics is promising as a source of traits for improving the wheat grain quality. The selected lines should be used as sources of grain quality traits for breeding, as well as material for productivity testing in order to include the best of them in variety testing nurseries. The lines with low protein content and weak gluten can be valuable for making specific products - biscuits, pita bread and the like.

There are prezented results of a study of early hybrid generations of bread spring wheat with synthetics (ABD genomic structure) combining the genomes of Triticum durum Desf. and Aegilops tauschii Coss. for inheritance of plants height, ear productivity elements: length, spikelet and grain number, grain weight; 1000 grain weight. In all five combinations, transgressive forms were found out on different traits with a frequency of 6% to 8% and a transgression degree of 6 to 17%. In the hybrid Kharkivska 26 / AD 68.112 / Ward // Ae.squarrosa (369), such plants are distinguished on five traits: plant height and parameters of the main ear – length, spikelet and grain number, grain weight. The presence of transgressions indicates an increase in the manifestation level of these traits in bread wheat.

stem and the complex of the morphophysiological traits of productivity were studied. Mathematical processing of the research results included the variational and cluster analysis. Results and discussion. According to the results of the three-year research, the variability peculiarities of the complex of the traits of the anatomical structure of the stem and spike of 53 genotypes of soft winter wheat have been established. The greatest variability among the traits of the upper internode was associated with the thickness of the culm and its components: the diameter of the cavity and the wall thickness of the culm (the variation coefficient was 14.5 and 17.7%). The variability of the traits of the anatomical structure of the second internode from above was low or medium. According to a set of the productivity traits, a different level of variability was observed among the studied set of wheat genotypes. Among the morphological traits of the leaf apparatus, the greatest variability was observed by the traits of the leaf area. Among the traits of the spike productivity, the maximum level of variability was observed by the weight of the spike and the mass of grain from the spike, as well as some breeding indices. The conducted cluster analysis made it possible to identify the groups of genotypes that differ in the nature of the implementation of the complex of the anatomical and morphophysiological productivity traits. Each of the selected clusters is a separate morphobiological type, which is characterized by the uneven contribution of the individual traits of the anatomical structure of the stem and morphophysiological characteristics to the productivity formation. The selected groups of the varieties are of interest for the use as the parent forms in the combination selection. Conclusions. As the result of the research of the soft winter wheat samples by the level of variability and the implementation of the anatomical and morphophysiological traits, the breeding value of the varieties and lines suitable for use in combination selection has been established.

Aim. Assessment of the water-holding capacity of leaf blades and spikes of lines obtained by hybridization of bread spring wheat with synthetics Triticum durum Desf.–Aegilops tauschii Coss. as characteristics of their drought resistance. Identification of lines with a lower water-yielding capacity and accordingly with a higher water-holding capacity than that of the recurrent variety Kharkovskaya 26. Results and Discussion. In all three years of research, in all samples, the moisture-yielding coefficient per unit of dry weight was higher for the leaf blade of the second leaf, lower (on average, 1.5 times) for the first leaf, and the smallest for the ear (on average, 2.0-5 , 7 times compared to the first sheet). This corresponds to the regularity of V.R. Zalensky on the increase in xeromorphism from the lower to the upper tiers of the plant. The moisture-yielding coefficient of the upper (flag) leaf is closely positively correlated with that of the second leaf: r = 0.98-0.99. The leaf moisture-yielding coefficient correlates significantly, to an average extent, negatively with the yield of lines and the weight of grain per spike in unfavorable, arid 2015 and 2017 (r = −0.49 to −0.62) and tends to be negative in a more favorable 2016 (r = −0.26 to −0.30). The lines with a greater ability to retain leaf blades moisture during the period of caryopsis formation tend to higher yields and the formation of ears with a larger grain mass. The moisture-yielding coefficient of the spike, in contrast to the leaf blades, in all three years positively correlated with the yield and grain weight per spike. The positive correlation of the ear moisture yield with the yield and ear productivity can be explained by an increase in the ear attracting ability in more productive forms. The lowest water-yielding capacity of the first (0.58-1.22) and (0.88-1.74) second leaves, corresponding to a greater water-holding capacity, in all the research years were the lines DK 30 GK 31 GK 34, GK 37, DK 39, DK 48, in which this indicator was less than that of the recurrent variety Kharkovskaya 26 (respectively, for the first leaf 1.26-1.43, for the second 1.77-2.08). The moisture yield of an ear of these lines in 2015 was less than that of Kharkovskaya 26, in 2016 (excluding DK 48) and 2017 - more than that of this variety. Thus, by hybridization of bread spring wheat with synthetics, there were obtained the lines with a lower water-yielding capacity therefore a higher water-retaining capacity of leaves than in the recurrent variety Kharkovskaya 26. The average yield of the above-mentioned lines over the research years was from 245 to 297 g / m2, which is higher than that of Kharkovskaya 26. The average for the research years grain weight per an ear of the lines with low moisture yield was from 2.1 to 2.7 g, therefore, it was higher than in the variety Kharkovskaya 26. At the same time, the relationships of the moisture yield with the grain weight from an ear and yield are not unambiguous. Conclusions. By crossing the spring wheat cultivar Kharkivska 26 with synthetics of the ABD genomic structure with subsequent backcrosses, lines with a lower moisture yield of the upper (0.58-1.22) and (0.88-1.74) second leaves were obtained than that of the recurrent cultivar - respectively 1,26-1,43 and 1,77–2,08, which corresponds to a higher water-holding capacity: DK 30, DK 31, DK 34, DK 37, DK 39, DK 48. There is an increase in water-holding capacity from the second leaf to the ear which corresponds to the regularity of V.R. Zalensky. The lines identified by the low moisture yield of leaf blades exceeded the recurrent variety Kharkovskaya 26 in yield and grain weight per ear. At the same time, relationships of the moisture yield with the grain weight from an ear and yield are not unambiguous.