Carbon nanomaterials have attracted significant consideration and concern due to the unique chemical and physical properties. Recently, nanodiamonds, graphene, and carbon nanotubes are served as electrodes, hydrogen storage elements, and composite materials. In this work, a 5 GHz graphene nanoantenna that falls inside the very-small-aperture terminal (VSAT) C-band range has been fabricated. A graphene substrate with a thickness of h = 0.5 cm is formed which is then used for fabricating a graphene nanoantenna working at 5 GHz. To design and simulate the antenna, Analysis System (ANSYS) electromagnetic desktop software was used. Using the designed graphene antenna, the parameters such as voltage standing wave ratio, three-dimensional radiation pattern, and directivity were obtained. After designing of the antenna using ANSYS software, it was physically fabricated. The graphene was used as a dielectric, copper sheet acted as a patch over as well as ground. Finally, the design was testedusing Vector Network Analyzer (Model: N9925A) and the transmission range was found as 5 GHz.

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In recent days Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet of Things have become a growing and challenging research area. Those are used in various hard and sophisticated real time environments. A lot of challenges have to be faced by the researchers in these areas to meet the features like the quality level of sensed data, nodes autonomy, less energy utilization, battery storage, cluster range with cluster head selection and size of nodes…etc. In this paper, We did an extensive analysis on their recent developments in various application areas such as intelligent buildings, smart homes, Smart city developments, healthcare and smart hospital, transport and traffic management, Horticulture, water resources and quality monitoring, smart grid, space research…etc. This analysis will be helpful for the fresh researchers for doing research in WSN and IoT. The researchers have to look in identifying better solutions to the above said challenges must meet.

Summary A wireless sensor network (WSN) can give a coordinated and minimal effort checking and control answer for such keen emotionally supportive systems. In this paper, we have discussed about the SEP in comparison with LEACH for smart home applications. Smart home scenario of an industry is taken into consideration in our research. The normal sink node is represented in the name of link node that connects the multiple sectors in the smart home scenario. In addition, it will act as a cluster head for the entire smart home setup. Moreover, the present research work proposes the plan of a low energy and high throughput and various levelled cluster‐based directing convention for smart home sensor organize application. Proposed protocol performs dynamic cluster head choice in light of various node qualities like node enduring energy, remoteness of the node from the link (sink), and average distance of the node from various neighbor nodes. Cluster head appropriation is even and brings about upgraded organization lifetime. Sensor nodes process the sense information utilizing nearby on‐board processors and exclude the repetitive information from transmission. In the final section, the energy level and the through put can be compared with the LEACH for getting a better understanding. The simulation results of the proposed technique clarify the energy consumed and the energy remaining in the stream. The energy will be measured in Joules. Moreover, the dead node will be tracked and intimated through our proposed work. The packet delivery and the delayed process of each and every node will be discussed in the proposed simulation result. The energy level remained will be calculated in Joules measurement. The SEP level will be more when compared with LEACH protocol. The energy level will be improved in case of SEP as 5, 10, 15, and 20 J/ ms.

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