The early Permian basalts of the Tarim Basin of NW China are geographically widespread, covering over 200,000 km2 and are in places up to 1‐km thick and hence frequently referred to represent a Large Igneous Province (LIP). Available volume estimates are based on average lava thickness multiplied by area, using these values results in volumes exceeding 100,000 km3, and is commonly cited as being evidence of LIP status. Using a database of 58 boreholes, field sections, and seismic data we calculate a range of basalt isopach maps, and use these to estimate new, more refined overall eruption volumes. These volumes are significantly smaller than previously reported estimates. We demonstrate that the thickness distribution of erupted basalts is nonuniform and strongly skewed, indicating that volume estimates using an arithmetically averaged thickness of input data will result in overestimation of total volumes. We find that even with the addition of an estimated nonerupted volume component, representing cumulates and intrusions, that the total volume of the Tarim volcanics is significantly below the minimum threshold of a LIP. Using a simple Monte Carlo model we demonstrate that even while accounting for uncertainty and error in the input data, the probability of the total volume exceeding 100,000 km3 is very low. The new volume estimates imply a revision of the climate and environmental impact of the Tarim volcanism. We therefore suggest that the term Tarim Igneous Province should be used instead of Tarim Large Igneous Province.

The spatial extent and quality of seismic and subsurface datasets have substantially improved in recent years due to traditional hydrocarbon activities and the emergence of green technologies like offshore wind. This Special Publication investigates the opportunities for (re)investigating past environments using seismic geomorphology and its integration with other datasets.