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Temperature decay in sealed rockbeds has been recorded. The rockbeds lost energy through the top surface and the results indicated that different natural convective flows occurred in beds of fixed depth and rock size but different lateral dimensions. However, the different flows had no effect on the mean power density dissipated through the top of the beds. A simple numerical conduction model based on the 'power integral method' was used to calculate the temperature decay. The experimental results suggested that an insulated porous lower boundary was appropriate for the model and this gave the best agreement with the experiments.

This paper describes flow visualization and heat transfer experiments conducted with a heat source inside an isothermal cube filled with a saturated or near-saturated gas/vapor mixture. The mixture was formed by vaporizing liquid from the surface of the heat source, and allowing it to condense on the surfaces of the cube, which was initially filled with a noncondensing gas. Visualization studies showed that for air and ethanol below 35°C, and for air and water, the flow patterns were similar with the hot plume rising from the source. For air and ethanol above 35° C the flow pattern reversed with the hot plume flowing downward. For temperatures spanning 35° C, which is the zero buoyancy temperature for the ethanol/water azeotrope and air, no distinct pattern was observed. Using water, liquid droplets fell like rain throughout the cube. Using ethanol, a fog of droplets moved with the fluid flow. Heat transfer experiments were made with water and air, and conductances between plate and cube of around 580 W·m−2·K−1 measured. Agreement between the similarity theory developed for saturated gas/vapor mixtures, and correlations for single component fluids only, was very good. Together with qualitative support from the visualization experiments, the theory developed in a earlier paper deriving a similarity relationship between single fluids and gas/vapor mixtures has been validated.

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