Dogs and cats are frequently affected by gastrointestinal parasites of medical and veterinary concern. The correct diagnosis is pivotal to the treatment outcome, reducing the risk of environmental contamination and spreading of these pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of domiciled dogs and cats in an urban area of Northeastern Brazil, as well as to discuss the findings from a “One Health” perspective. Fecal samples (n = 231) of dogs (n = 126) and cats (n = 105) were obtained directly from the environment after spontaneous defecation, and subsequently analyzed through the Mini-FLOTAC and Baermann techniques. Of all samples, 28.14% (65/231) presented immature forms of gastrointestinal parasites, with 31.75% (40/126) and 23.81% (25/105) of dogs and cats positive, respectively (x 2 = 1.413; p = 0.2345). Two genera of helminths (Ancylostoma and Toxocara) and two genera of protozoa (Cystoisospora and Entamoeba) were identified. Additionally, co-infections were observed in 15% (6/40) of positive dogs and 28% (7/25) of positive cats (p = 0.2207). None metastrongyloid larvae were detected. In conclusion, animals herein assessed presented a high prevalence of zoonotic gastrointestinal nematodes. Therefore, preventive measures against these neglected parasites should be stimulated.

Eimeria species have importance to calves because of the economic losses. The aim of this study was to identify the species of Eimeria that affect calves and the risk factors associated with its natural infection. Fecal samples (387) were collected from dairy farms in the southern Agreste of Pernambuco. The feces were evaluated using the Gordon & Whitlock technique and were cultured in 2.5% potassium dichromate for sporulation of oocysts. Odds ratio (OR) were calculated to assess risk factors. Eimeria spp. were detected in 50.65% (196/387) of the samples. Eleven species were identified, being Eimeria bovis (26.64%; 548/2057), Eimeria zuernii (19.69%; 405/2057) and Eimeria ellipsoidalis (14.49%; 298/2057) those more frequent. Small herds (OR = 1.93), calves aged up to six months (OR = 2.12), absence of manure pit (OR = 7.52), fortnightly cleaning (OR = 4.71), collective calf pens (OR = 3.26), manual milking (OR = 2.16) and absence of veterinary care (OR = 2.28) were considered to be risk factors. The data revealed pathogenic species in more than 50% of the farms. Thus, the importance of adopting sanitary measures to reduce the spread of these protozoa in herds should be done, because of economic losses associated with its infection.

Sendo parte integrante do arsenal de opções terapêuticas na nefrologia veterinária, a hemodiálise aplicada aos animais se popularizou e avançou consideravelmente nos últimos anos, não só no mundo como no Brasil. Neste contexto, visando apresentar as características principais da hemodiálise, o Colégio Brasileiro de Nefrologia e Urologia Veterinárias (CBNUV), em nome da sua subcomissão de Técnicas Dialíticas, traz, neste documento, as informações necessárias para embasar os conhecimentos sobre o tema.

Dialysis is one of the used methods for treatment of Acute Renal Injury (ARI) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) to replace the function of the kidneys when refers to blood depuration. Hemodialysis removes toxins accumulated in the body directly from the blood, being a useful alternative therapy for dogs and cats with CKD in advanced stages. Because of the difficulty on handling the patient feline, this procedure requires sedation. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the safety of anesthesia in dogs and cats with CKD undergoing dialysis. The present study aimed to evaluate two different protocols of chemical restraint in cats with CKD and the effect of these on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR), since the procedure of extracorporeal circulation leads the patient to a hypotensive frame. Twelve adult cats were used, with an average weight of 4 kg, CKD, underwent two anesthetic protocols: Group GP (n = 6) using propofol, and group GCM (n = 6) using ketamine-midazolam association for the implantation procedure of central venous catheter (CVC) and hemodialysis. Cats in GP as well as the GCM group showed statistical difference in the change in SBP and HR only from baseline compared to the other time points evaluated. The two protocols maintained SBP and HR within physiological values.

RESUMO: Cryptosporidium spp. tem grande importância em saúde única por causar a criptosporidiose, doença zoonótica que pode levar à morte devido a diarreia e desidratação. Tal parasito pode acometer bovinos, cães, gatos, aves e humanos que se infectam através da ingestão de água e alimento contaminados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em bezerros, bem como, conhecer a percepção de estudantes e de produtores rurais sobre a criptosporidiose no município de Garanhuns-PE. Para tanto, foi avaliado o material fecal de bezerros (n=36), de três propriedades da zona rural do município. As fezes coletadas diretamente da ampola retal e a pesquisa para oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. foi realizada utilizando a técnica de Centrífugo-Sedimentação em formol-éter com coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada. Também foram realizadas rodas de conversa com produtores rurais e estudantes de Garanhuns sobre criptosporidiose. De todas as amostras fecais analisadas, 25% (09/36) foram positivas para oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. Em relação à roda de conversa, 478 produtores rurais de hortifruti e animais domésticos, receberam panfleto educativo nos distritos e nas feiras livres, bem como, atividades educativas em escolas com 168 adolescentes do 9º ano do ensino fundamental II ao 2ª ano do ensino médio. Portanto, se observou que Cryptosporidium spp. está presente na população animal de Garanhuns e a maioria dos habitantes desconhece a criptosporidiose, havendo necessidade de implementar medidas preventivas para reduzir o impacto econômico e em saúde pública causado por essa doença no município.