Park, K.. 1995. Effects of xylose and soybean meal additions to deep-stacked broiler litter on nutritive characteristics for ruminants. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 7 : 1-26.Broiler litter was mixed with xylose (X;1.7% dry matter) and (or) soybean (S; 20% dry matter) and deep-stacked at 21, 26 or 31% moisture for 7, 21 or 63 d, with a 2~2 x 3~3 factorial arrangement of treatments, to determine changes in composition and ruminal degradability of organic matter and nitrogen (N). Nitrogen concentration was increased (P<0.05) by S (5.04 us 4.18%) and decreased (P<0.05) by X (4.57 us 4.65%). Xylose decreased (R0.05) NH,-N concentration without but not with S (43.6, 37.5, 28.3 and 28.3% total N for Control, X, S and XS, respectively). At 7 d of incubation, soluble N (0.15 M NaCI) was not affected by X without S, although with S, X decreased (P<0.05) soluble N (68.5, 66.4, 60.2 and 53.8% total N for Control, X S and XS, respectively). Xylose decreased (P<0.05) soluble N without and with S at 21 d of incubation (61.3 71s 64.6% total N) and had no effect at 63 d. Xylose had only small effects on acid detergent insoluble N (7.7 us 6.5, 6.5 us 7. 1 and 5.8 us 7.2% total N for 21, 26 and 31% moisture, without and with respectively; SE 0.21). Xylose increased (P.cO.05) insoluble available N Concentration with but not without S at 7 d of incubation (23.8, 25.7, 34.0 and 40.3% for Control, X, S and XS, respectively), increased (Pc0.05) the level without and with S at 21 d (28.5 us 31.0% total N) and had no effect at 63 d. Xylose decreased (P.cO.05) NH3-N release in vitro at 12 h of ruminal incubation with but not without S (9.9, 9.9, 12.9 and 10.6 mgldL. for Control, X, S and XS, respectively). At 12 h of ruminal incubation in sacco, N disappearance was similar for Control and X (89.9 and 89.3%) but lower (P.cO.05) for XS (80.1%) than for S (85.6%). Substrate pH varied with moisture level (7.88, 7.12 and 6.74 for 21, 26 and 31% moisture; SE 0.066) and incubation length (7.26, 6.89 and 7.58 for 7, 21 and 63 d; SE 0.066). In conclusion, rumen undegradable protein concentration may be increased by addition to deep-stacked broiler litter of a reducing sugar such as X and a protein source, containing amino acids susceptible to non-enzymatic browning reactions, such as S. Effects of X and S additions on indices of ruminal degradation of nitrogenous compounds generally were not markedly altered by moisture level or imubation length.
