Abstract.Increase productivity and quality of wheat by improving its genotype -one of the main problems of agriculture. Currently, using conventional methods of breeding and genetic research, such as mutagenesis, backcrossing selection and distant hybridization can increase the effectiveness of producing genetically improved crop forms. The fertility rate of soft wheat hybrids of wild species with T. timopheevi depends on the direction of crosses and genotype of varieties. Wild species as the parent component favorably affect a high percentage of tying grains [1,2].

The action of the chemical compound – CdC12 on soft wheat varieties resulted in plant modifications on a number of qualitative and quantitative traits. Genetic analysis conducted on the basis of reciprocal crosses showed that the inheritance of altered traits in mutants is independent of the direction of crossing. Modification of habitus and phenotypes of mutant plants is accompanied by a violation of cell division in meiosis.

Leaf-rust highly resistant introgressive wheat lines have been studied genetically using effective Lr genes from Thatcher's isogenic lines and "Kazakhstanskaya 126" monosomic lines. Resistance genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr9, Lr24 and Lr26 in line L-344 were shown not to be allelic. Lr9 and Lr26, allelic genes conferring resistance to leaf rust have been identified in line L-345. The "leaf rust" resistance gene in the L-344 line is localized on a morphologically marked 5A chromosome, while the same gene in the L-345 line is located on 2B and 4B chromosomes.