No abstract

To develop tomato hybrids and varieties with a high fruit quality, we gradually solved the following tasks: development of DNAmarking methods for long shelf life genes; the genes modifying the biosynthesis of carotenoids and their composition; testing of the elaborated methods on the developed breeding material; the selection of samples with different allelic composition of fruit quality genes; the development of F 1 hybrids using the method of successive crosses and their study; the selection of tomato forms by DNA-typing methods with target genes in F 2 populations to develop valuable breeding samples; the study of carotenoids' accumulation peculiarities and their inheritance. We used DNA-identification methods for fruit quality genes:

Aim. Some spelt varieties, along with alleles of gliadins and high-molecular glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), identical to common wheat, contain specific alleles, that are source of Triticum aestivum gene pool enrichment. The aim of this work is the identification, molecular analysis of HMW – GS from T. spelta K1731 and evaluation of their effect on the elastic properties of gluten. Methods. Identification of HMW-GS was carried out by SDS-electrophoresis and PCR analysis. Nucleotide gene sequences were determined by Sanger sequencing. The secondary structure of proteins was predicted on the on-line CFSSP server. Results. Subunits 6.1 + 22.1 of the Glu-B1 locus encoded by the Glu-B1be allele were detected in the T. spelta K1731. The nucleotide sequences of the 1Bx6.1, 1By22.1 genes from spelt were determined, the amino acid sequence and the protein secondary structure of 6.1 + 22.1 subunits were analyzed. Conclusions. Molecular analysis of HMW-GS 1Bх6.1 and 1By22.1 from T. spelta К1731 established a low contribution to the bread-making quality of these subunits. Keywords: Triticum spelta K1731, HMW-GS, SDS electrophoresis, sequencing, secondary protein structure, gluten quality.

The identification of a functional NAM-B1 allele associated with a high content of grain protein and essential microelements in wheat relatives increased the distant hybridization significance for bread wheat nutritional value. The allelic polymorphism of the NAM-B1 gene in 22 wheat lines with a genetic material of T. dicoccoides, T. dicoccum, T. spelta, T. kiharаe and their parental forms and the effects of NAM-B1 gene allelic variations on the content of grain protein and essential microelements and productivity traits (vegetation period 2017–2021) were evaluated. The functional NAM-B1 allele was identified only in the samples of wheat relatives among the parental forms. All parental varieties and most of introgressive lines (77.3 %) had a non-functional allele. The genotypes with the functional NAM-B1 allele were characterized by a higher plant height and tillering, but by lower spike productivity compared to the non-functional allele genotypes. The presence of the functional NAM-B1 allele provided a high level of grain protein and zinc content and never decreased significantly a thousand-kernel weight across all studied environments. The functional NAM-B1 allele introgression could be a resource for improving the grain wheat nutritional value.

In order to use marker-assisted selection (MAS) methods in the development of hybrids and tomato varieties resistant to late blight, the efficiency of molecular markers to the alleles resistant to Phytophthora infestans known in the literature was assessed. High efficiency in the identification of homozygous and heterozygous forms using CAPS dTG63 (Hinf1) and SCAR NCLB-9-6678 markers to Ph2 and Ph3 alleles was established respectively. DNA extraction techniques, reaction mixture compositions, as well as amplification and visualization result modes were adapted. The presence of the Ph3 allele in F1-standard Adapt and Alamina hybrids, and F1 Azart, Agenchik, Dzivosny, and Black Brilliant hybrids included in the Register of Varieties of the Republic of Belarus, as well as in the breeding lines of the collections possessed by the Institute of Genetics and Cytology, NAS of Belarus, and the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy was demonstrated.