On comparison of prevalence of risk factor in those with and without associated CAD, there was higher prevalence of diabetes (65% vs 30%), hypertension (52% vs 43%), dyslipidemia (69% vs 52%), smoking (24% vs 18%) and family history of CAD (34% vs 16%) in those with associated CAD. The incidence of obesity was higher in those without CAD (20% vs 30%). The difference observed in diabetes alone was found to be statistically significant.

ACSCoronary artery disease a b s t r a c t Aim: The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is increasing rapidly in clinical practice and it is going to be a leading cause of death in coming years. It has been shown in previous studies that low levels of vitamin D3 have been associated with coronary artery disease. In our study we assessed 25 Hydroxy vitamin D3 levels in our patients with ACS. Materials and methods: Levels of 25 Hydroxy vitamin D3, serum calcium and high sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs CRP) on day 1 and day 5 were measured in 50 consecutive patients (Male:Female 46:4) admitted with ACS and compared them with 35 controls (Male:Female 25:10) during the period May 2006eFebruary 2007. 25 Hydroxy vitamin D levels were assessed by Radioimmuno assay (RIA) method. Vitamin D insufficiency is considered when the level of 25 Hydroxy vitamin D3 is below 20 ng/ml.Results: 72% of our patient population had vitamin D insufficiency and there was statistically significant difference in 1st day sample and 5th day samples of vitamin D, Hs CRP and calcium levels and the P value is <0.05, which is statistically significant. Conclusion: Evidence is beginning to accumulate implicating vitamin D and its receptors in the pathogenesis of both coronary artery disease and ACS. Is vitamin D insufficiency a risk factor in many young software professionals presenting with ACS without conventional risk factors need further prospective evaluation.

Low blood pressure truly includes a worse prognosis than the excessive blood strain. This mechanism,bills for the "reverse causation "seen within the haemodialysis’ patients, the company of conventional risk elements, such as high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, appear to be a worst diagnosis.Exogenous erythropoietic products can growth blood strain and requirement of antihypertensive tablets.30 Chronic ECFV overload secondary to activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axisand disturbances inside the stability of vasoconstrictors and the vasodilators make a contribution to high blood pressure. Improvement in blood pressure can be introduced out with oral sodium restriction, diuretics, and fluid elimination with dialysis. Some patients will continue to be hypertensive notwithstanding of the careful attention to ECFV reputation. LVH is related with reduced endurance of sufferers on hemo/peritoneal dialysis .Lower five year survival charge in ESRD patients with LVH have a 30% than people missing LVH. This have a look at produces the mean carotid artery intima-medial thickness turned into higher in sufferers with superior CKD although it did now not attain statistical significance, probable due to smaller sample size.It was also observed that carotid intima medial thickness had no correlation with dyslipidemia. Even though the patients had maintained significantly normal cholesterol and high HDL levels, there was an increase in CIMT. Therefore, CKD patients, CIMT cannot be predicted based on the traditional atherosclerotic risk factors like serum cholesterol and HDL.

Recreational use of Marijuna smoking is on the rise among the young and adolescents. This can result in worsening of angina or acute myocardial infarction in those with underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation. Even those without CAD can present with acute coronary syndromes due to coronary spasm which can be confirmed by Coronary angiography by ruling out obstructive lesions in these cases - There is fivefold increase in symptoms during 1st hour after consumption. High chances of recurrence of symptoms when the drug is reused and patients needs to be counselled.

Lifestyle has seen a tremendous change in the past few decades. Globalization and urbanization has made the world smaller. With advancement in science and technology, human mortality has decreased tremendously due to invention of new treatment modalities, vaccines, newer and effective drugs. But the lifestyle changes and sedentary pattern has also paved way for development of new lifestyle related disorders especially obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension which impose a major threat not only to human life but also to economic burden of the world. Traditional era had less incidence of these disorders compared to the industrial era today. Though increase in blood pressure and cholesterol level are considered age related changes in western countries, there exists a steep curve in the incidence of these disorders as age advances. Further, evidences are adequate to indicate hypertension and dyslipidemia are prevalent even in middle aged adults. Increased susceptibility of a few individuals to lifestyle related changes can also be attributed to their genetic variability. It has been estimated that more than 70% of cardiovascular morbidity, over 80% of coronary artery disease and about 90% of diabetes can be attributed to few of the lifestyle related factors. Even a slight alteration in lifestyle has a great impact on individual health and economic burden. Smoking is identified as one of the major lifestyle factor which has its adverse effects not only on those who smoke but also to other members in the proximity by way of passive smoking. Though the hazards of smoking and its impact on health have been emphasized to a greater extent, eradication of smoking has become next to impossible. Decline in smoking substantially reduces cardiovascular risk but the practice of smoking has seen only an upward slope. Likewise, alcoholism is another social factor which has multitude of effects on health particularly cardiovascular disorders.