Findings: 10 out of 20 patients presented with mild postoperative infection. None presented with more severe postoperative infections. All were treated with oral antibiotics and mouth rinse without surgical intervention. The percentage of horizontal relapse in patients with and without postoperative infections was 3.20% and 8.23% respectively (P > 0.05). When the duration of infection was plotted against the percentage of horizontal and vertical relapse, the relationship was weakly positive for both (R 2 = 0.028 and 0.22, respectively). Conclusions: It appears that mild postoperative infection does not affect postoperative skeletal stability in Class II patients treated with distraction osteogenesis of the mandible. Future studies with larger sample size and wider range of postoperative infections are needed to further elucidate if more severe postoperative infection would affect stability of the advancement.

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