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(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2020;135:1070–1083) Persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) oncotypes 16 and 18 accounts for up to 70% of all HPV-associated cervical cancer cases. Although the majority of HPV infections are cleared quickly by the immune system, a subset of approximately 10% to 20% of infections will persist, leading to disease progression and invasive cancer.