Tympanic membrane perforation may be traumatic in origin or due to CSOM which may not heal spontaneously. Over the years various modalities of treatment have evolved for the treatment of this. Primary aim of the treatment is to control and eliminate the foci of infection. The closure of tympanic membrane perforation with different graft materials restores the vibratory area of the membrane, gives round window protection, reduces susceptibility of the middle ear mucosa to infection and improves hearing. Two basic techniques have come up in which the graft is placed either over the drum remnant or under the drum remnant and the techniques are called overlay and underlay respectively. The present study is an attempt to compare the results of both techniques in a tertiary care hospital. Tympanic membrane perforation may be traumatic in origin or due to CSOM which may not heal spontaneously. Over the years various modalities of treatment have evolved for the treatment of this. Primary aim of the treatment is to control and eliminate the foci of infection. The closure of tympanic membrane perforation with different graft materials restores the vibratory area of the membrane, gives round window protection, reduces susceptibility of the middle ear mucosa to infection and improves hearing. Two basic techniques have come up in which the graft is placed either over the drum remnant or under the drum remnant and the techniques are called overlay and underlay respectively. The present study is an attempt to compare the results of both techniques in a tertiary care hospital. KEYWORDS: Underlay technique, Overlay technique, Myringoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHOD:The present study to compare the overlay and underlay -techniques of myringoplasty was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, MOSC Medical College Kolenchery during April 2011and March2012. All patients withtubotympanic type of C.S.O.M who fulfill the inclusion criteria and are willing for the surgery are included in the study.30 patients with dry central perforation, hearing loss of 10 to 45 dB and good cochlear reserve were included in the study. They are divided into 2 groups by random selection; one undergoing overlay technique and the other underlay technique of myringoplasty. Those withpars flaccida perforation, marginal perforation, wet ears and poor cochlear reserve were excluded. The pars tensa perforation was classified according to the number of quadrants it occupied. Small perforations were those limited to one quadrant and moderate perforations involved two quadrants, including kidney shaped perforations. Large perforations were those occupying 3 quadrants and subtotalperforations were those occupying 4 quadrants bounded by the annulus. Routine haemogram, hearing evaluation by tuning fork tests and Pure tone audiometry as per the method outlined by American Speech and Hearing Association was done all the patients. X-ray mastoids Schuller's view (right and left) was done and the radiological features were noted. Mastoids were labeled a...

The aim of this study is to analyse the age& sex distribution, etiology and the management of patients presenting with epistaxis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients who presented with epistaxis to our department of otorhinolaryngology during the period from March 2012 to March 2014 constituted the study. Detailed history, clinical findings and investigations like blood examination of all patients were recorded. Management whether conservative or surgical was also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 200 patients who presented with epistaxis were considered for this study. The commonest age group involved was 51-60 years with male preponderance (72%).Bleeding was more common from both nostrils in our study. The commonest etiology was hypertension (47.1%) followed by trauma (13.4%) and deviated nasal septum (9%). Non-surgical modality of treatment was resorted to in majority of the cases. Anterior nasal packing was done in 48 patients while both anterior and posterior nasal packing were required in 13.5% of the cases. Surgical intervention was needed in 4% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Epistaxis is a common emergency in otolaryngology. Each case tends to present different challenges and success depends on timely and effective intervention by the attending otolaryngologist. This study supports the clinical usefulness of conservative management in treatment of patients with epistaxis.

Tympanic membrane perforation may be traumatic in origin or due to CSOM which may not heal spontaneously. Over the years various modalities of treatment have evolved for the treatment of this. Primary aim of the treatment is to control and eliminate the foci of infection. The closure of tympanic membrane perforation with different graft materials restores the vibratory area of the membrane, gives round window protection, reduces susceptibility of the middle ear mucosa to infection and improves hearing. Two basic techniques have come up in which the graft is placed either over the drum remnant or under the drum remnant and the techniques are called overlay and underlay respectively. The present study is an attempt to compare the results of both techniques in a tertiary care hospital. Tympanic membrane perforation may be traumatic in origin or due to CSOM which may not heal spontaneously. Over the years various modalities of treatment have evolved for the treatment of this. Primary aim of the treatment is to control and eliminate the foci of infection. The closure of tympanic membrane perforation with different graft materials restores the vibratory area of the membrane, gives round window protection, reduces susceptibility of the middle ear mucosa to infection and improves hearing. Two basic techniques have come up in which the graft is placed either over the drum remnant or under the drum remnant and the techniques are called overlay and underlay respectively. The present study is an attempt to compare the results of both techniques in a tertiary care hospital. KEYWORDS: Underlay technique, Overlay technique, Myringoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHOD:The present study to compare the overlay and underlay -techniques of myringoplasty was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, MOSC Medical College Kolenchery during April 2011and March2012. All patients withtubotympanic type of C.S.O.M who fulfill the inclusion criteria and are willing for the surgery are included in the study.30 patients with dry central perforation, hearing loss of 10 to 45 dB and good cochlear reserve were included in the study. They are divided into 2 groups by random selection; one undergoing overlay technique and the other underlay technique of myringoplasty. Those withpars flaccida perforation, marginal perforation, wet ears and poor cochlear reserve were excluded. The pars tensa perforation was classified according to the number of quadrants it occupied. Small perforations were those limited to one quadrant and moderate perforations involved two quadrants, including kidney shaped perforations. Large perforations were those occupying 3 quadrants and subtotalperforations were those occupying 4 quadrants bounded by the annulus. Routine haemogram, hearing evaluation by tuning fork tests and Pure tone audiometry as per the method outlined by American Speech and Hearing Association was done all the patients. X-ray mastoids Schuller's view (right and left) was done and the radiological features were noted. Mastoids were labeled a...

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The aim of this study is to analyze the age& sex distribution, occupation, predisposing factors and an etiology of hoarseness of voice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients who presented with hoarseness of voice to our department of otorhinolaryngology during the period from June 2013 to June 2014 constituted the study. Detailed history, age and sex distribution, occupation and clinical findings which included fibreoptic laryngoscopy were done in all patients of this study. RESULTS: A total of 100 patients who presented with hoarseness of voice were considered for this study. The commonest age group involved was 41-50 years with female preponderance (51%). Vocal abuse was the found to be the commonest predisposing factor. Commonest cause of hoarseness of voice was vocal nodule. CONCLUSION: Hoarseness of voice is a common problem encountered in otolaryngology. Hoarseness of voice especially in elderly should be evaluated thoroughly so that appropriate treatment can be given at the earliest.