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The left lateral frontopolar (LFP) cortex showed dimension change-related activation in previous event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of visual singleton feature search with non-brain-lesioned participants. Here, we tested the hypothesis that LFP actively supports changes of attention from the old to the new target-defining dimension in singleton feature search. Singleton detection was selectively slowed in this task when the target-defining dimension changed in patients with left LFP lesions, compared with patients with frontomedian lesions as well as with matched controls without brain lesions. We discuss a potential role of LFP in change detection when the optimal allocation of dimension-based attention is not clearly defined by the task.

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