a b s t r a c tIn the present work, Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) thin film was deposited onto the glass substrate by simple and economic SILAR method and its structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties were analyzed Q2 . X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the formation of CZTS with kesterite structure and the average crystallite size is found to be 142 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image shows that the film has homogeneous, agglomerated surface without any cracks. The prepared CZTS film shows good optical absorption (10 4 cm −1 ) in the visible region and the optical band gap energy is found to be quite close to the optimum value of about 1.54 eV for solar cell application. The refractive index of the prepared film is found to be 2.85. The electrical resistivity of the film is found to be ∼10 −2 cm at room temperature.

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Nanorods of one-dimensional (1D) trigonal selenium (t-Se) are synthesized using biomolecule substances for five different aging times (1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 1 day and 4 days) by precipitation method. XRD analysis indicates a shift of the (1 0 1) plane towards higher diffraction angle for 1 day aging time. It is observed that the crystallite size decreases with increase in aging time except for an aging period of 4 days. FTIR analysis confirmed that the presence of stretching and bending vibrations of Se-O in both synthesized and commercial selenium samples at 465, 668 and 1118 cm −1 . The FESEM micrographs are evident for the changes of rod size as a function of aging time. It is observed that the optical band gap energy is increased with aging time up to 1 day, whereas it decreases in 4 days aging time.

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