AFRICAN animal trypanosomosis, also known as 'nagana' in tropical Africa, is caused by haemoflagellated protozoa, primarily Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma brucei subspecies brucei and Trypanosoma vivax. Trypanosomosis is a serious economic constraint to livestock and agriculture development in sub-Saharan Africa, causing livestock deaths and reduced productivity (Kristjanson 1999, Ilemobade 2009). Dogs are particularly susceptible to T congolense, which is transmitted cyclically by Glossina species (tsetse fly) (Greene 2006). T congolense can be classified into three types: savannah, forest and kilifi (Young and Godfrey 1983, Knowles and others 1988). T congolense savannah type was shown to be the most virulent type in cattle by Bengaly and others (2002). Dogs pose a minimal risk for human infection; however, they seem to be important as a sentinel for infection (Greene 2006). Until now, there has been only one description of a chronically infected dog in Europe, 3.5 years after importation from Africa (Gow and others 2007). This short communication describes a case of African trypanosomosis in a dog in France, in which the clinical presentation was different from the previous description. An eight-month-old entire male German wire-haired pointer was presented for a French importation examination after having travelled to Senegal. During its stay in Africa, the dog had suffered heat stroke, as well as a severe tick infestation despite treatment with topical deltamethrin (Scalibor; Intervet) and monthly applications of imidacloprid/ permethrin (Advantix; Bayer). The dog was cachectic and had focal alopecia distally on all limbs, a stiff gait, pale mucous membranes and tachycardia (heart rate 110 bpm). No heart murmur was detected. Body temperature was within normal limits (38.8°C). Routine haematology revealed a macrocytic, regenerative anaemia (Table 1). Thrombocytopenia was confirmed on examination of a blood smear, which also showed autoagglutination of erythrocytes. No blood parasites were detected. The only abnormality on serum biochemistry was an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (Table 1). While the result of a PCR for Babesia species was pending, the dog was treated with one injection of 5 mg/kg imidocarb (Carbesia; Veterinaria) for suspected piroplasmosis, and with 10 mg/kg doxycycline (Ronaxan; Merial), administered orally every 24 hours for suspected anaplasmosis.

T‐cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T‐cell LGLL) is the most common presentation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in dogs. Aleukemic or subleukemic leukemia is a particularly rare variation in both humans and dogs, where bone marrow proliferation is either not or only sparsely translated in the peripheral blood. Neutropenia is a prominent feature in cases of human T‐cell LGLL but is normally absent in canine CLL. This report describes a case of a dog presented with an almost 3‐year history of asymptomatic neutropenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia (without anemia). A bone marrow examination, the exclusion of infectious diseases, and clonality testing led to the diagnosis of subleukemic LGLL that responded well to therapy (death occurred 2.5 years later due to an unrelated cause).