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Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) offers unique characteristics and application scenarios that create a great research attention recently. Designing an efficient and robust routing protocol is a challenging task and crucial to the core network operations owing to the dynamic properties of the MANET. The robustness of the routing protocol is an essential feature that adapts well to the dynamic changes in the network environment. A variety of routing protocols has been proposed depending on the network scenarios and applications. The routing protocols designed for MANET has individual and unique characteristics. The performance evaluation significantly determines the efficiency and robustness of the routing protocols used in a specific network scenario. Considering the significance of routing performance, this research work evaluates routing performance of proactive, reactive and hybrid routing protocols under various simulation scenarios to obtain the exact performance useful for different network conditions and application scenarios. This paper evaluates the performance evaluation of routing protocols such as AODV, DSR, LAR, DSDV, OLSR, FSR, and ZRP under different network scenarios for achieving the identical result to the realistic context. In realistic MANET, several factors such as node density, dynamic topology, and traffic influence the routing protocol performance and a single routing protocol unlikely to attain better performance under all scenarios. Therefore, it is crucial to consider many factors in clearly understanding the distinct characteristics of a routing protocol and estimating its relationship with others. This work analyzes the efficiency of routing protocols using different network scenarios under mobility of nodes using ns2 network simulation tool. As in the simulation results under the mobility scenario, the DSDV exhibits attractive performance under TCP traffic irrespective of speed.

The wireless network that are formed on the fly, without relying on the previous infrastructure, including the autonomous devices that lie nearby are called the flying wireless networks. Despite of the networks, self-configuring and self-healing nature, it incurs many challenges due to its mobile nature, limited battery span and the lack of the centralized control, so these wireless network requires a perfect routing protocol addressing the challenges and improving the performance of the network, so the paper presents the survey on the various routing protocols that enhances the performance of the flying wireless network. The survey is further continued with the analysis of the routing protocols to evince the capability of the same on the grounds of network life time, energy consumption and the quality of service.

With the ever increasing research in communication technology, smart systems and gadgets are emerging at a very fast pace. A recent trend is the research in internet of things (IoT) which facilitates access of information and services at any point of time around the globe thus elevating the process of digitization to a new era. Multi homing is a concept which facilitates connection of a user over multiple networks. These networks may be heterogeneous or homogeneous. This concept of multihoming acts as a strong backbone to wireless sensor networks where routing of information over the links and channels is quite a critical process. The routing of information from source to destination defines the overall accuracy of the entire wireless network. This efficiency largely dictated by an efficient routing process is influenced by many factors which include node efficiency, node lifetime, and the characteristics of the link between the nodes.