The presented article is an attempt to evaluate the progress in the development of the mathematical simulation of the pressure-driven membrane processes. It was considered more than 170 articles devoted to the simulation of reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration and the others published between 2000 and 2010 years. Besides the conventional approaches, which include the irreversible thermodynamics, diffusion and pore flow (and models which consider the membrane surface charge for nanofiltration process), the application of the methods the computational fluid dynamics, artificial neural networks, optimization, and economic analysis have been considered. The main trends in this field have been pointed out, and the areas of using approaches under consideration have been determined. The technological problems which have been solved using the mentioned approaches have also been considered. Although the question of the concentration polarization has not been considered separately, it was defined that, in many cases, the sufficiently accurate model cannot be designed without considering this phenomenon. The findings allow evaluating more thoroughly the development of the simulation of pressure-driven membrane processes. Moreover, the review allows choosing the strategy of the simulation of the considered processes. Keywords: membrane, simulation, model, reverse osmosis nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration.
Kornienko, Y.V., Magaziy, P.M., Gatilov, K.O., Sachok, R.V. (2018) Disperse systems temperature fi eld fi nding at reception of fi rm crystal-amorphous structures 4(41), doi: 10.26909/csl.4.2018.2. The temperature fi eld of fi rm crystal-amorphous structures receiption from liquid systems in the fl uid bed is explored. The stable conducting terms of process are certain.Previous studies have shown that increasing the irrigation density increases the probability of formation of agglomerates, which causes a decrease in temperature; therefore, it is advisable to measure the temperature fi eld in the environment of the dispersant and compare it with the values of temperatures at the characteristic point, according to which the regulation of the fl ow of liquid phase to the granulator is carried out.The objective of the experimental research was to determine the change of the temperature fi eld in disperse systems in obtaining crystalline-amorphous solid structures in a fl uidized-bed apparatus.In case of an increase in the amount of heat fl ow, an adequate increase in the fl ow of liquid phase occurs. This results in the local overturning of solid particles and, as a result, the formation of large aggregates and loss of quality of fl uidization. To eliminate this disadvantage it is advisable to create conditions for uneven distribution of the coolant speed.In the downstream right and left fl uxes, the coolant speed should not exceed the rate of gas fi ltration through the material. In the left upward fl ow, in which the direction of motion of the granular material is opposite to the direction of the vector of the linear velocity of the dispersed droplets of the liquid phase, it is expedient to increase the fl ow of the coolant in a direction that coincides with the downstream fl ow. To verify these provisions, it is expedient to conduct a study of the continuous process of formation of solid multilayer composites.
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