Summary Background We undertook a Grand Challenges in Global Eye Health prioritisation exercise to identify the key issues that must be addressed to improve eye health in the context of an ageing population, to eliminate persistent inequities in health-care access, and to mitigate widespread resource limitations. Methods Drawing on methods used in previous Grand Challenges studies, we used a multi-step recruitment strategy to assemble a diverse panel of individuals from a range of disciplines relevant to global eye health from all regions globally to participate in a three-round, online, Delphi-like, prioritisation process to nominate and rank challenges in global eye health. Through this process, we developed both global and regional priority lists. Findings Between Sept 1 and Dec 12, 2019, 470 individuals complete round 1 of the process, of whom 336 completed all three rounds (round 2 between Feb 26 and March 18, 2020, and round 3 between April 2 and April 25, 2020) 156 (46%) of 336 were women, 180 (54%) were men. The proportion of participants who worked in each region ranged from 104 (31%) in sub-Saharan Africa to 21 (6%) in central Europe, eastern Europe, and in central Asia. Of 85 unique challenges identified after round 1, 16 challenges were prioritised at the global level; six focused on detection and treatment of conditions (cataract, refractive error, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, services for children and screening for early detection), two focused on addressing shortages in human resource capacity, five on other health service and policy factors (including strengthening policies, integration, health information systems, and budget allocation), and three on improving access to care and promoting equity. Interpretation This list of Grand Challenges serves as a starting point for immediate action by funders to guide investment in research and innovation in eye health. It challenges researchers, clinicians, and policy makers to build collaborations to address specific challenges. Funding The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust, Moorfields Eye Charity, National Institute for Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust, Sightsavers, The Fred Hollows Foundation, The Seva Foundation, British Council for the Prevention of Blindness, and Christian Blind Mission. Translations For the French, Spanish, Chinese, Portuguese, Arabic and Persian translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Aim. The aim of this study was to assess ocular and mucocutaneous sequelae among SJS/TEN survivors and identify risk factors of ocular sequelae. Patients and Method. Late complications among SJS/TEN survivors were assessed using 2 methods: a retrospective assessment of medical records only or a retrospective assessment of medical records and physical examination of survivors who were contacted by phone. Results. Between January 1995 and December 2017, 177 cases of SJS/TEN (138 cases of SJS, 29 cases of TEN, and 10 cases SJS/TEN overlap) were admitted into two university hospitals of Lomé (Togo). There were 113 women and 64 men, with an average age of 31.7±13.0 years (range: 5 to 80 years). The most used drugs were antibacterial sulfonamides (35.6%) and nevirapine (24.3%). HIV serology was positive in 68 (59.1%) of the 115 patients tested. Sixty-four (52,5%) of the 122 patients, who had been examined by an ophthalmologist during the acute stage, had acute ocular involvement, which was mild in 27.9% of patients, moderate in 13.1%, and severe in 11.5%. We recorded 17 deaths (i.e., three cases of SJS, 12 of TEN, and two of SJS/TEN overlap), including 11 cases of HIV infected patients. Of the 160 SJS/TEN survivors, only 71 patients were assessed 6 months after hospital discharge. Among them, forty-three (60.6%) patients had sequelae. Concerning mucocutaneous sequelae, the main lesions were diffuse dyschromic macules (38.0% of patients) and ocular sequelae were dominated by decreased visual acuity (14.1% of patients). In multivariate analysis, exposure to sulfadoxine (odds adjusted ratio = 5.95; 95%CI= [1.36-31.35]) and moderate (adjusted odds ratio = 5.85; 95%CI = [1.23-31.81]) or severe (adjusted odds ratio = 48.30; 95%CI = [6.25-1063.66]) ocular involvement at acute stage were associated with ocular sequelae. Conclusion. Ocular and mucocutaneous sequelae are common in SJS/TEN survivors. Exposure to sulfadoxine and severity of acute ocular involvement are risk factors of ocular sequelae.
Introductionle décollement de rétine pose un problème de prise en charge dans les pays en développement par manque de plateau technique. Sa prévention passe par la connaissance et l'éviction de ses facteurs de risque. Le but de l'étude était d'identifier les facteurs de risque du décollement de rétine chez le Togolais. Méthode: il s'est agi d'une étude rétrospective et descriptive, réalisée dans le service d'ophtalmologie du Chu-Campus et dans un cabinet privé d'ophtalmologie de Lomé du 2 Janvier 2011 à 31 Décembre 2015. Ont été inclus dans l'étude les dossiers des patients portant le diagnostic de décollement de rétine. Le diagnostic de décollement de rétine avait été retenu devant: la présence d'un décollement de rétine à l'examen du fond d'œil ou à l'échographie oculaire.Méthodesil s'est agi d'une étude rétrospective et descriptive, réalisée dans le service d'ophtalmologie du Chu-Campus et dans un cabinet privé d'ophtalmologie de Lomé du 2 Janvier 2011 à 31 Décembre 2015. Ont été inclus dans l'étude les dossiers des patients portant le diagnostic de décollement de rétine. Le diagnostic de décollement de rétine avait été retenu devant: la présence d'un décollement de rétine à l'examen du fond d'œil ou à l'échographie oculaire.Résultatsau total, 116 yeux de 100 patients avaient un décollement de rétine dont 40 à l'OD, 44 à l'OG et 16 bilatéraux (32yeux). L'âge moyen des patients était de 46,65 ± 16,46 ans [07 ans ; 87 ans], une prédominance masculine et avec un sex-ratio = 0,32 (F/H). Les diabétiques représentaient 17% et les patients drépanocytaires 16%. Les patients myopes représentaient 5%, les yeux pseudophaques représentaient 17,2% et les yeux aphaques 3,4%. Quatre déchirures rétiniennes (14,28 % des DR rhegmatogènes) étaient retrouvées dont 2 déchirures en supéro-temporal, une déchirure en inféro-nasal et une déchirure en inféro-temporal. Le décollement était total pour 35 yeux (52,2%) et partiel pour 24 yeux (35,8%). Vingt yeux présentaient des proliférations vitréo-rétiniennes, 5 yeux avaient un vitré hémorragique et 6 yeux une hyalite. Le diabète et la drépanocytose étaient les facteurs de risque du DR tractionnel (p=0,006 et p=0,0003), et la chirurgie de cataracte le facteur de risque du DR rhegmatogène (p=0,0097).Conclusionle diabète, la drépanocytose et la chirurgie oculaire étaient les facteurs de risque les plus importants du DR. Une meilleure prise en charge de ces pathologies et une maîtrise de la chirurgie de la cataracte par l'ophtalmologiste préviendraient le décollement de rétine.
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