In the present work, carbon-supported Pt-Ru, Pt-Ni and Pt-Ru-Ni electrocatalysts with different atomic ratios were synthesized by NaBH 4 reduction method. The synthesized electrocatalysts were characterized by TEM, EDX and XRD analyses. The Pt metal was the predominant material in all the samples, with peaks attributed to the face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline structure. The TEM analysis indicated that the prepared catalysts had similar particle morphology, and their particle sizes were 3-5 nm. The electrocatalytic activities of the synthesized electrocatalysts were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). During the experiments performed on single membraneless fuel cells, Pt 50 Ru 40 Ni 10 /C performed better among all the catalysts prepared with power density of 38.2 mW cm À2 . The enhanced methanol oxidation activity by Ni in Pt 50 Ru 40 Ni 10 /C can be attributed to the electronic effect as the result of the modification of electronic properties of Pt and the various oxidation states of Ni.In this work, for the first-time carbon-supported binary Pt-Ru, Pt-Ni and ternary Pt-Ru-Ni anode catalysts were successfully tested in a single membraneless fuel cell using 1.0 M methanol as the fuel and 0.1 M sodium perborate as the oxidant in the presence of 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 as the electrolyte at room temperature.

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This paper describes the continuous flow operation of membraneless sodium perborate fuel cell using acid/alkaline bipolar electrolyte. Here, hydrazine is used as a fuel and sodium perborate is used as an oxidant under Alkaline-acid media configuration. Sodium perborate affords hydrogen peroxide in aqueous medium. In our operation, the laminar flow based microfluidic membranleless fuel cell achieved a maximum power density of 27.2 mW cm −2 when using alkaline hydrazine as the anolyte and acidic perborate as the catholyte at room temperature with a fuel mixture flow rate of 0.3 mL min -1. The simple planar structured membraneless sodium perborate fuel cell enables high design flexibility and easy integration of the microscale fuel cell into actual microfluidic systems and portable power applications.

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This paper reports the media flexibility of membraneless sodium perborate fuel cell (MLSPBFC) using acid/alkaline bipolar electrolyte in which the anode is in acidic media while the cathode is in alkaline media, or vice versa. Investigation of the cell operation is conducted by using formic acid as a fuel and sodium perborate as an oxidant for the first time under "acid-alkaline media" configurations. The MLSPBFC architecture enables interchangeable operation with different media combinations. The experimental results indicate that operating under "acid-alkaline media" conditions significantly improves the fuel cell performance compared with all-acidic and all-alkaline conditions. The effects of flow rates and the concentrations of various species at both the anode and cathode on the cell performance are also investigated. It has been demonstrated that the laminar flow based microfluidic membraneless fuel cell can reach a maximum power density of 28.2 mW cm −2 with a fuel mixture flow rate of 0.3 mL min −1 at room temperature.