There has been an increase in the number of old aged people in all the countries in both absolute and proportional terms. Share of the elderly population of the world was 13% around 2000 and in India as per 2001 census the population of elderly was 76.6 million 1 as compared to 20 million in 1951. Thus the elderly account for 7.5% of the total population, in which elderly male are 7.1% and elderly female are 7.8% 4. This increasing number of elderly has a great demand on the health services and social security measures. At present the ageing has become a social problem as the socioeconomic shifts are affecting the family to continue with the care of their aged. Traditionally our Indian families had always borne the responsibility of looking after the aged, but the changing times and industrialization have threatened this yesteryear culture. As a result family care of the

Background: Today’s world has led students to mobile phone as a mode of communication and social networking. This also has bought about psychological dependency towards mobile phones which causes sleep deprivation and increased stress affecting them academically. However, very few studies were conducted among medical students. Hence, this study was attempted with an objective to assess the effect of mobile phone usage on sleep disturbance, stress and academic performance among under graduate medical students.Methods: An observational Study was conducted among under graduate medical students in KIMS, Tamil Nadu, during September to November 2016. Among first to final year students 203 were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected after obtaining the consent using a self administered questionnaire, containing demographic details, variables on mobile usages, PSQI and PSS scales. Mean, median, standard deviation and percentages were calculated; Chi square test and correlation coefficient were calculated at 5% level of significance.Results: Among 203 study participants everyone had smart phones which were used for communication and social media. The hours of usage of mobile ranged from 5 minutes to 10 hours per day. Most of them (61%) used during night hours, 72.4% of the study participants had poor sleep quality, 66.5% had moderate stress, 14.8% had severe stress. There was significant association of poor sleep quality and academic performance with mobile phone usage (p<0.01).Conclusions: There is an association of mobile phone usage with sleep quality and academic performance.

Background: It is well established that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases. Diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases at an early stage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is difficult. Therefore, biomarker for estimation of renal function was chosen. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate serum cystatin C and its correlation with biochemical, clinical, and anthropometric parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The levels of serum cystatin C were evaluated in 100 subjects (50 with type 2 diabetes and 50 controls) of age group 40-70 years and were measured using particle-enhanced immunonephelometry. Results: The levels of serum cystatin C were found to be significantly increased in patients with diabetes mellitus (0.97 ± 0.19 mg/L; P < 0.01) than healthy controls (0.84 ± 0.1 mg/L). In this study, it was found that few diabetes patients with normoalbuminuria with elevated levels of serum cystatin C and cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The levels of serum cystatin C correlated positively with eGFR, serum creatinine, and systolic blood pressure and showed negative correlation with estimated creatinine clearance and no association with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Measurement of the levels of serum cystatin C is a useful, practical, noninvasive technique for the evaluation of renal involvement and might be related with a risk for cardiovascular events in patients without nephropathy in the course of diabetes, especially in patients with normoalbuminuria.

BACKGROUND Distal femoral fractures of femur are one of the most challenging injuries to treat. Because of the proximity of these fractures to the knee joint, regaining full knee motion and function may be difficult. Closed management of these distal femoral fractures thus poses difficulties in obtaining and maintaining the reduction making operative management the preferred treatment. Hence the aim of the study is to analyze the short-term results in terms of union and functional outcome for distal femoral fractures treated with distal femoral locking compression plating.

Background: Increasing prevalence of diabetes in India is resulting in an epidemiological transition. The care of the people with diabetes is traditionally seen as doctor centered, but the concept of self-care of people with diabetes is a new domain and is proven beneficial in averting long term complications. A diabetes self-care activities measure, together with glycaemic control, can provide essential data for clinicians, diabetes educators, and patients to evaluate and modify treatment. The objective of the study was to determine the practice of self-care activities among people with diabetes attending primary health centre.Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in primary health centre, Tiruvallur health unit division during July–September 2016. A total of 308 patients with >1 year duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) were asked to respond to summary diabetes self-care activities questionnaire after obtaining the consent from them and analysed by proportions.Results: A healthy eating plan on a daily basis was followed by 76.9% (237/308) of the participants, daily exercises for 30 min were followed by 57.1% (176/308), and regular blood sugar monitoring was done by 84.1% (259/308). Regarding the adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin, daily adherence to medication was seen among 89.7% (226/252) and 75% (42/56) were found to be adherent to insulin injections on a daily basis.Conclusions: Self-care practices were found to be unsatisfactory in fruit and vegetables intake and foot care especially drying in between toes and inspecting inner surface of shoes. Realizing the multi-faceted nature of the problem, a systematic, multipronged and an integrated approach is required for promoting self-care practices among diabetic patients to avert any long-term complications.