No abstract

Finite element algorithms are presented for the entire casting process from the mould ÿlling stage to the prediction of the ÿnal distorted shape. The various algorithms available in the literature for solidiÿcation modelling are discussed in detail. Special emphasis is given to the coupling of the solidiÿcation analysis based on the heat conduction equation with uid ow or thermal stress analysis. Finally, some results are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the numerical models.