ABSTRACT:Magnesium plays an essential role in cardiac protection. Magnesium has many beneficial effects like it improves contractility and reduces the number of cardiac arrhythmia episodes. The aim of the study was to analyze the magnesium concentration in patients undergoing off-pump CABG. The study included 110 patients who underwent general anesthesia and coronary artery bypass graft. Magnesium level was 2.0mg/dl at baseline, 2.18 mg/dl, 2.02 mg/dl and 1.94 mg/dl respectively on 3 consecutive days post-operatively. The lowering of magnesium recommends routine serum magnesium determination to prevent complications.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is zoonotic disease worldwide caused by genus Leptospira. It is characterized by non-specific clinical presentation with broad spectrum manifestations. Due to unreliable, unsophisticated diagnostic techniques, misdiagnosis is not uncommon & leads to endemic. Aims and objective: Evaluate hepatic dysfunction & correlation between CPK and other liver enzymes in Icteric & Anicteric group. Material and Methods: Total 170 subjects were examined by clinician & grouped in Icteric, Anicteric and healthy controls. Blood samples of all subjects were analyzed for Liver profile & IgM antibodies. The clinical finding includes myalgia, bilateral congectival suffusion, jaundice, abdominal cramps, albuminuria, hematuria & rashes on body were reported. Results: Male patients are more prone to Leptospira infection due to various occupational exposures. Serological tests comes positive until the second week, by that time organism implicate Liver and Renal function. Measurement of elevated CPK level and increased Faine's score will predict early diagnosis of disease. Morbidity & mortality can be minimized at an early stage of disease. Conclusion: Outcomes of this study will help clinicians to diagnose Leptospirosis at an early phase of disease and morbidity, mortality can be minimized.

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The identification and quantification of covariates, particularly using population pharmacokinetics is now seen as an integral part of drug development. This present study was aimed to assess the influence of subject specific parameters (covariates) on pharmacokinetics of Eupressyl (Urapidil) from typical pharmacokinetics studies. The influence of covariates (age, height, body weight, body mass index) on the pharmacokinetics of Urapidil was evaluated analyzing the data pooled from three different pharmacokinetic studies. The influence of covariates on Urapidil pharmacokinetics was evaluated using linear mixed effect model. Covariate analysis was carried out following a two-stage approach. Results from the first stage analyses showed that there is no significant effect (P > 0.05) on Urapidil pharmacokinetic parameters against evaluated covariates. However, at second stage following linear mixed effect models, subject specific parameters were correlated with obtained pharmacokinetic parameters. The results evidencing that the reasonable influence of covariates on Urapidil pharmacokinetics parameters were observed for different lot of innovator products. Thus, characterizing effect of few of the covariates on pharmacokinetics outcome will definitely reduce the number of pharmacokinetic studies using healthy human subjects and also development time and cost in generic drug developments. However, further pharmacokinetic models for Urapidil to be developed and validated using non-linear mixed effectmodels, as it is considered one of the standard method for evaluating drug variability.

The effect of magnesium hydroxide on the absorption of a single oral dose of the NSAID flurbiprofen was investigated in 6 healthy volunteers in a randomised crossover study. Peak plasma flurbiprofen concentrations were not significantly altered by concomitant administration of magnesium hydroxide; mean values were 18.55 mg/L in volunteers who did not receive magnesium hydroxide compared with 23.98 mg/L in those who did. The time to reach peak plasma concentrations was 1.75 hours in both groups.Mean values of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (0 to 2 hours) were significantly increased (by 61%) with concomitant administration of magnesium hydroxide, but after 8 hours the difference between groups was no longer statistically significant.Elimination of flurbiprofen was not altered by the coadministration of magnesium hydroxide. Thus, these results suggest that the initial absorption of a single oral flurbiprofen dose can be improved by the concomitant administration of an antacid in healthy volunteers. The effects in patients receiving different doses of flurbiprofen remain to be established.