This article reports the influence of poly-(ethylene oxide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEO-PEG) addition on its actuation behavior of cellulose electroactive paper. The actuator showed its maximum bending displacement of 5.0 mm with very low electrical power consumption (7 mW/mm) at an ambient condition. Increased displacement output and decreased electrical power consumption of the actuator might be due to the improved polymer chain flexibility and ion mobility. The ion migration effect might play a more important role in actuation principle. Present investigation reveals that cellulose/PEO-PEG-based EAPap actuators are suitable to construct an actuator working at normal ambient condition.

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The durability and failure cause of a polymer Schottky diode made with PEDOT : PSS-pentacene were investigated. A polymer Schottky diode was fabricated by dissolving pentacene in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and mixing with PEDOT : PSS. Pentacene solution having a maximum concentration of approximately 9.7 mmoles was prepared by simply stirring the solution at room temperature for 36 h. As the pentacene concentration increased, the absorption of the broad UV regime increased dramatically. However, absorption peaks of pentacene at 301 and 260 nm were not observed for the PEDOT : PSS-pentacene. A three-layered polymer Schottky diode was fabricated and its current–voltage (I–V) characteristic was evaluated. The current was reduced by 7% in the first 50 min and then stabilized during biased electrical field sweeps. After 500 and 800 min, catastrophic failure occurred. FESEM images revealed that the electrode damage caused catastrophic failure of the Schottky diode.

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Among the conjugate polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been paid a great deal of attention for various application fields. The absorption intensity of the whole UV-visible range increases linearly, as the concentration of PEDOT:PSS increases. When a small amount of TiO(2) nanoparticles are dispersed in the PEDOT:PSS solution, the absorption in the visible range normally increases, but the UV range absorption (TiO(2) absorption area) is greatly depressed as the concentration of PEDOT:PSS increases. Various weight ratios of TiO(2) nanoparticles in PEDOT:PSS were prepared. The TiO(2)/PEDOT:PSS solution was spin-coated onto the Al electrode and thermally treated to remove water molecules and densify the film. These thermal processes generated nanocracks and nanoholes on the surface of the TiO(2)/PEDOT:PSS film. As the heating temperature increased, wider and longer nanocracks were generated. These nanocracks and nanoholes can be removed by subsequent coating and heating processes. Schottky diodes were fabricated using four different concentrations of TiO(2)-PEDOT:PSS solution. The forward current increased nearly two orders of magnitude by doping approximately 1% of TiO(2) nanoparticles in PEDOT:PSS. Increasing the TiO(2) nanoparticles in the PEDOT:PSS matrix, the forward current was continuously enhanced. The enhancement of forward current is nearly four orders of magnitude with respect to the pristine PEDOT:PSS Schottky diode. The possible conduction mechanisms were examined by using various plotting and curve-fitting methods including a space-charge-limited conduction mechanism [Ln(J) versus Ln(V)], Schottky emission mechanism [Ln(J) versus E(1/2)], and Poole-Frenkel emission mechanism [Ln(J/V) versus E(1/2)]. The plot of Ln(J) versus Ln(V) shows a linear relationship, implying that the major conduction mechanism is SCLC. As the concentration of TiO(2) increased, the conduction mechanism slightly detracted from the ideal SCLC mechanism.