The work demonstrates the electrochemomechanical driving forces, equilibrium, and large deformation kinetics for lithium dendrite growth.

The electrochemical and mechanical effects of charged interfaces in substitutional ionic conductors for energy storage and conversion applications are quantified.

Flash sintering has attracted significant attention as its remarkably rapid densification process at low sintering furnace temperature leads to the retention of fine grains and enhanced dielectric properties. However, high-temperature mechanical behaviors of flash-sintered ceramics remain poorly understood. Here, we present high-temperature (up to 600 °C) in situ compression studies on flash-sintered yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Below 400 °C, the YSZ exhibits high ultimate compressive strength exceeding 3.5 GPa and high inelastic strain (~8%) due primarily to phase transformation toughening. At higher temperatures, crack nucleation and propagation are significantly retarded, and prominent plasticity arises mainly from dislocation activity. The high dislocation density induced in flash-sintered ceramics may have general implications for improving the plasticity of sintered ceramic materials.