Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock is the carbon proportion that is of biological origin stored with respect to soil depth. It is more prone to loss than soil inorganic carbon. High sequestration of SOC in soil is germane to the improvement of soil quality and mitigating impact of climate change. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate soil properties affecting SOC stock in the two agro-ecological zones, namely Upland Rainforest (Ado-Ekiti) and southern Guinea Savanna (Kabba) agro-ecological zones of Nigeria, with respect to three selected land use types; arable, oil palm and wetland. Random collection of soil samples was carried out at four varying depths (0-15, 15-30, 30-45, and 45-60 cm) for evaluation of soil properties. The SOC stock regression models for the two agro-ecological zones showed that land use, SOC, pH, SOM (soil organic matter), Ex-K, Ex-Ca, Ex-Mg (exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium, respectively), BD (bulk density), and gravel content would predict variation in SOC stock in the two agro-ecological zones with coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.952 and 0.996 for Kabba and Ado-Ekiti respectively. Principal component analysis identified that in the soil of the southern Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone, SOC, CEC, EA, Ex-Na, land use, clay content, and soil depth with Eigenvalues > 1 explained 80.58% of sample variance while in the soil of the Upland Rainforest agro-ecological zone, Ex-Ca, SOC, Ex-Na, EA, sand and silt contents with Eigenvalues > 1 explained 78.81% of sample variance as potential determinants of SOC stock.
