The aim is to conduct a comparative pharmacognostical study of the series of roots of Rosa (R.) majalis Herrm. and Rosa (R.) canina L. with the establishment of diagnostic features of morphological and anatomical structure and boundary limits of numerical indicators of raw materials. Materials and methods. The fresh and dry raw materials were used to study the macroscopic microscopic features by microscope Delta optical BioLight 300 (Poland). Determination of total polyphenols was performed by spectrophotometry (on a spectrophotometer Optizen POP (Korea)) and HPLC (chromatograph an Agilent 1200 3 D LC System Technologies (USA)). Results. The morphological (nature of the surface (periderm) and fracture) and anatomical (color of cell walls and their cavities; location of the sclerenchyma; the presence of a crystalline coating of the sclerenchyma at the root of R. canina; of various elements of the remains of the tetraarchic conducting bundle in the center of the root) diagnostical features of roots of R. majalis and R. Canina were established. Comparing the numerical values of loss on drying (not more than 10 %), total ash (not more than 5 %), extractable matter (not less than 9 %) and the quantitative content of total polyphenols (not less than 4 %) it was determined that both types of raw materials according to these indicators are almost indistinguishable. Conclusions. Loss on drying, total ash, extractable matter and content of total polyphenols of the root of R. majalis and R. canina do not have significant differences, that is why the root of both plant species can be used as medicinal plant raw materials such as “Rose root”. The obtained data will be used in further research when creating methods of quality control of plant raw materials and phytomedicines

Фармацевтична ботанікаPharmaceutical botany ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИЙ ЧАСОПИС Фармацевтична ботаніка http://ojs.tdmu.edu.ua/index.php/pharm-chas ІНФОРМАЦІЯ Надійшла до редакції / Ключові слова: Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.; бруньки; морфолого-анатомічна будова. АНОТАЦІЯ Мета роботи. Дослідити морфолого-анатомічну будову бруньок вільхи клейкої Аlnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Матеріали і методи. За допомогою фармакопейних методів аналізу дослідили морфологічну та анатомічну будову 5 серій бруньок вільхи клейкої вітчизняних регіонів заготівлі. Морфологічні особливості вивчали не менш ніж на 15 зразках сировини кожної серії. Для дослідження анатомічної будови виготовляли не менш ніж 15 препаратів сировини кожної серії. Результати й обговорення. Проведені виміри бруньок та криючих брактей (морфометричні показники) дозволили встановити граничні межі довжини та діаметра власне бруньки та довжини і ширини криючих брактей. Складений морфологічний опис бруньок вільхи клейкої з визначенням діагностичних ознак (форма, колір, характер поверхні криючих брактей). Дослідили анатомічну будову бруньок вільхи клейкої. Виділили основні діагностичні риси: форма клітин епідерми брактей та пористість їхніх оболонок, типи та топографія трихом брактей, наявність ефіроолійних залозок. Висновки. Встановлено особливості морфолого-анатомічної будови 5 серій бруньок вільхи клейкої різних регіонів заготівлі. Визначено морфометричні показники, встановлено граничні межі довжини та діаметра бруньки та криючих брактей. Обрано критерії морфологічного опису та створено морфологічний опис бруньок вільхи клейкої із визначенням діагностичних ознак. Дослідження анатомічної будови бруньок вільхи клейкої дозволило виділити діагностичні риси сировини. Отриманні результати можуть стати основою для розробки розділів «Ідентифікація А» та «Ідентифікація В» проекту монографії на бруньки вільхи клейкої як перспективного виду лікарської рослинної сировини. Вступ. Вільха клейка Аlnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. -поширена вітчизняна рослина родини березові Betulaceae, переважно зустрічається на берегах водойм, джерел, на заболочених площах. До ДФУ 2.0-2.4 входять монографії «Вільхи супліддя» та «Вільхи клейкої листя» [1]. Листя вільхи клейкої широко застосовують як протизапальний, проти-застудний, антимікробний, послаблювальний засіб [2]. Є дані про лісотехнічне значення вільхи клейкої [3], зокрема про вплив заростей вільхи клейкої на ґрунти [4]. Раніше проведено порівняльний аналіз компонентного складу фенольних сполук та сполук, що переганяються з водяною парою в бруньках таThe aim of the work. Research of the morphological and anatomical structure of black alder buds. Materials and Methods. The pharmacopoeial methods of analysis investigated the morphological and anatomical structure of 5 series of buds of black alder of ordinary domestic harvest. Morphological features were studied at no less than 15 samples of raw materials of each series. The anatomical structure was studied at no less than 15 samples of raw materials of each series. Results and Discussion. The measurements of ...

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Aim. To select the optimal extractant for the extraction of a number of groups of phenolic compounds from Lаurus nоbilis L. leaves based on the determination of the quantitative content of these groups in the extracts obtained. Materials and methods. Lаurus nоbilis L. leaves were harvested in November 2020 from artificially cultivated specimens aged 5 – 7 years. The quantitative determination of polyphenols was performed using the spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 760 nm in accordance with the requirements of the Supplement of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPhU) 1.2 (2.8.14). The quantitative content of this group of compounds was calculated with reference to pyrogalol and dried substance. The quantitative determination of the amount of hydroxycinnamic acids was performed according to the SPhU 2.2 monograph “Orthosyphon stamen (kidney tea) leavesN” by the spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 505 nm and calculated with reference to rosmarinic acid. The quantitative determination of the amount of flavonoids was performed according to the SPhU 2.0 monograph “Hawthorn leaves and flowers” by the spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 410 nm and calculated with reference to hyperoside.Results and discussion. The analysis of the results for the quantitative determination of polyphenols, the amount of hydroxycinnamic acids and the amount of flavonoids in extracts from Lаurus nоbilis L. leaves obtained using water, water-ethanol mixtures and 96 % ethanol showed that 70 % ethanol was optimal for extracting compounds of these groups. The quantitative content of polyphenols (calculated with reference to pyrogalol) was not less than 21 %, the amount of hydroxycinnamic acids (calculated with reference to rosmarinic acid) – not less than 3 %, the amount of flavonoids (calculated with reference to hyperoside) – not less than 5 %. Conclusions. For the first time, the quantitative content of a number of groups of phenolic compounds (polyphenols, the total amount of hydroxycinnamic acids, and the total amount of flavonoids) in Lаurus nоbilis L. leaves extracts obtained using various extractants has been determined. On this basis, the optimal extractant – 70 % ethanol for the extraction of phenolic compounds has been selected. The results obtained will be used when developing the technology for obtaining substances from Lаurus nоbilis L. leaves.

Aim. To determine the quantitative content of the main groups of biologically active substances (BAS) in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits using pharmacopeial methods for their subsequent use in the standardization of the plant raw material.Materials and methods. For the study, 6 batches of air-dried Viburnum opulus fruits crushed to a particle size of 1 – 2 mm and harvested in different regions of Ukraine in the mass fruiting phase in October-November 2020 were used. The quantitative determination of polyphenols and tannins was performed using the spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 760 nm calculated with reference to pyrogallol and dried substance. The total amount of hydroxycinnamic acids was determined according to the method of the SPhU (State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine) 2.0 described in the monograph “Kidney TeaN” calculated with reference to rosemary acid. The total amount of organic acids was determined by the titrimetric method according to the method of the monograph of the SPhU 2.1 “Rose hipsN” calculated with reference to malic acid.Results and discussion. The quantitative content of polyphenols (calculated with reference to pyrogallol and dried substance) in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits varied by about 1.4 times from 1.74 ± 0.01 % to 2.36 ± 0.01 %. According to the results obtained, the quantitative content of tannins (calculated with reference to pyrogallol and dried substance) in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits varied by 1.7 times from 0.73 ± 0.01 % to 1.23 ± 0.01 %. The quantitative content of the total amount of hydroxycinnamic acids calculated with reference to rosemary acid in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits ranged by 1.2 times from 3.96 ± 0.01 % to 4.73 ± 0.01 %. The quantitative content of the total amount of organic acids calculated with reference to malic acid in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits fluctuated more than 1.3 times from 6.80 ± 0.01 % to 9.08 ± 0.01 %.Conclusions. The quantitative content of the main groups of biologically active substances has been determined in 6 batches of Viburnum opulus fruits harvested in different regions of Ukraine using pharmacopoeial methods: polyphenols (varied by 1.4 times), tannins (varied by 1.7 times), the total amount of hydroxycinnamic (varied by 1.2 times), and the total amount of organic acids (varied by 1.3 times) calculated with reference to dried substance. The content of the groups of biologically active substances in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits slightly correlates with the place of the raw material harvesting. Thus, the selected methods of the SPhU 2.0 are quite suitable for determining the quantitative content of polyphenols, tannins and of the total amount of hydroxycinnamic and organic acids in batches of Viburnum opulus fruits; they can be used in further studies to standardize the raw material.