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The ability to view constructions virtually before using the real resources to construct them has been of main interest in civil engineering over a long period of time. This has been achieved partially through virtual reality. Virtual Reality helps in visualizing the operations on computer generated jobsites and to study the available alternate plans. Even though the latest software in virtual reality helps us in designing and drawing the plans, the question of reality still arises. The plans that are done in computer sometimes do not match with the real practical applications. This shows that it is difficult to bring the experiences of practical world into the computer. In order to overcome the gap between the real and virtual environments, this paper highlights the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in all the areas of civil engineering instead of using Virtual Reality. This paper describes the developing augmented reality technology and its various application domains in civil engineering.

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Two-dimensional digital filters have gained wide acceptance in recent years. For recursive filters, nonsymmetric half-plane versions (also known as semicausal) are more general than quarter-plane versions (also known as causal) in approximating arbitrary magnitude characteristics. The major problem in designing two-dimensional recursive filters is to guarantee their stability with the expected magnitude response. In general, it is very difficult to take stability constraints into account during the stage of approximation. This is the reason why it is useful to develop techniques, by which stability problem can be separated from the approximation problem. In this way, at the end of approximation process, if the filter becomes unstable, there is a need for stabilization procedures that produce a stable filter with similar magnitude response as that of the unstable filter. This paper, demonstrates a stabilization procedure for a two-dimensional nonsymmetric half-plane recursive filters based on planar least squares inverse (PLSI) polynomials. The paper's findings prove that, a new way of form-preserving transformation can be used to obtain stable PLSI polynomials. Therefore obtaining PLSI polynomial is computationally less involved with the proposed formpreserving transformation as compared to existing methods, and the stability of the resulting filters is guaranteed.

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