Background: Deterioration in walking ability characterized by slow walking speed is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients on hemodialysis (HD), but few studies have examined the potential for walking speed to reduce the incidence of clinical events. In this study, we assessed a range of maximum walking speeds (MWS) with regard to their capacity to reduce cardio-cerebrovascular events in HD patients. Methods: In total, 188 Japanese outpatients (90 men, 98 women; mean age, 65 years) undergoing maintenance HD three times a week were monitored for 7 years. We measured clinical characteristics and MWS at baseline and followed these patients to track any cardio-cerebrovascular events. Patients were divided into quartiles (Q1 = lowest, Q4 = highest) based on MWS for each sex. Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to assess the contribution of MWS to cardio-cerebrovascular events.

Advanced glycated end products (AGEs) accumulate systemically and cause diabetes complications. However, whether noninvasive measurable AGEs are associated with diabetes status and physical functions remains unclear. One hundred and ten patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) who underwent outpatient cardiac rehabilitation were included. AGEs scores, using AGEs sensors, were evaluated concomitantly with a physical evaluation, including testing the isometric knee extension strength (IKES) and 6 min walking distance (6MWD). Thirty-three (30%) patients had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM). The AGEs score was not different in the presence of DM history (0.52 ± 0.09 vs. 0.51 ± 0.09, p = 0.768) and was not correlated with blood glucose (r = 0.001, p = 0.995). The AGEs score was positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, r = 0.288, p = 0.004) and negatively correlated with physical functions (IKES, r = −0.243, p = 0.011; 6MWD, r = −0.298, p = 0.002). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that 6MWD was independently associated with a high AGEs score (>0.52). The AGEs score was associated with HbA1c, IKES, and 6MWD in patients with CVD. The AGEs score might be a useful indicator for evaluating not only glycemic control but also physical functions.

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