The use of autologous bone graft for oral rehabilitation of bone atrophy is considered the gold standard. However, the available grafts do not allow a fast loading of dental implants, as they require a long healing time before full functionality. Innovative bioactive materials provide an easy-to-use solution to this problem. The current study shows the feasibility of calcium phosphate cement paste (Paste-CPC) in the sinus. Long implants were placed simultaneously with the cement paste, and provisional prosthetics were also mounted in the same sessions. Final prosthetics and the full loading took place within the same week. Furthermore, the study shows for the first time the possibility to monitor not only healing progression using Cone Beam Computer tomography (CBCT) but also material retention, over two years, on a case study example. The segmented images showed a 30% reduction of the cement size and an increased mineralized tissue in the sinus. Mechanical testing was performed qualitatively using reverse torque after insertion and cement solidification to indicate clinical feasibility. Both functional and esthetic satisfaction remain unchanged after one year. This flowable paste encourages the augmentation procedure with less invasive measure through socket of removed implants. However, this limitation can be addressed in future studies.

Nebulised therapy for pulmonary disease has been applied for a long time. However, the total particle deposition depends on many factors that are difficult to control and varies between 20 and 95 %. We here report on a new method to facilitate the pressure supported nasal long-term inhalation (NLI).Our study included 10 patients (f=5, m=5), age range 49 to 75 years, presenting several COPD stages (GOLD I-III). The NLI device generated particle sizes from 1-2 µm. The pressure support was adjusted to 10 mbar. We examined the efficacy of the method by screening the deposition in nasal and thoracic airways. We used 99mTc-nanocoll to identify the activity scintigraphically in various respiratory sections.We could show that deposition in the lung periphery by using the pressure supported transnasal application will increase significantly compared with conventional methods. The usual method produced an average nasal deposition of 5.9 MBq and a periphery deposition of 9.6 MBq, whereas NLI method results in an average nasal deposition of 4.2 MBq and a periphery deposition of 12.9 MBq, respectively.Our study showed that it was possible to penetrate even in periphery pulmonary tissue in COPD patients by using the NLI system. In addition, we achieved an enhancement of the thoracic deposition of 99mTc-nanocoll, when recorded a reduction of activity in the nasopharyngeal zone. Further clinical trials will be necessary to define appropriate doses of aerosolized drugs, and confirm the clinical relevance.

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