First-time grandparents (N = 152) participated in a study of expectations of grandparenthood while their first grandchild was still in utero. One to 2 years after their first grandchild was born, they were asked to fill out the Thomas (1990) grandparent questionnaire again, and 103 did so. Expectations and experiences of grandparenthood were compared separating grandparents by sex and by lineage. Expectations and experiences of grandparenthood differed by both grandparent sex and lineage. In particular, grandmothers reported greater satisfaction and overall meaning in grandparenthood than grandfathers, whereas grandfathers felt more able to offer child-rearing advice to the parents. In regard to lineage, maternal grandparents were more satisfied in grandparenthood than they expected to be, whereas paternal grandparents were not.

Very few studies have directly compared the risk for Alzheimer's disease in different ethnic groups. This may be due in part to the costs and methodological difficulties associated with conducting traditional epidemiological studies. The family history method, in which information is collected on the dementia status of relatives of normal elderly members of ethnic groups of interest, offers a less costly and more practical preliminary approach. In the present study, 6866 first-degree relatives of 924 elderly, nondemented index subjects (305 Chinese, 212 Jewish, 215 Italian and 192 Puerto Rican, living in New York City) were assessed through family history interview for progressive primary and other dementias using previously published family history criteria. Both the Jewish and Italian groups had significantly increased cumulative risk for progressive primary dementia compared with both the Chinese and Puerto Rican groups. Although possible methodological biases cannot be discounted, these results appear to reflect differences between ethnic groups in the degree of risk for dementia.

Even “irrational” anger felt by divorcing partners may serve legitimate psychological purposes. Awareness of the types and functions of anger should help the process of anger management in mediation.

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