Pulses, endowed with unique ability of nitrogen fixation constitute an important component of crop diversification and resource conservation in farming systems. System of crop intensification (SCI) is an agricultural production strategy that seeks to increase and optimize the benefits that can be derived from making better use of available resources: soil, water, seeds, nutrients, solar radiation and air. System of crop intensification practices enable the crop to grow and develop potentially which provides enhanced production in sustainable and eco-friendly manner. Therefore, classical crop cultivation practices need to overhaul by adopting system of crop intensification for more profitability and sustainability. It includes ecosystem services taking full account of the factors and interactions of time and space so that field operations are conducted in a timely way. System of crop intensification has emerged as a next generation agro-ecological innovation. System of crop intensification principles and practices build upon the productive potentials that derive from plants having larger, more efficient, longer lived root systems and from their symbiotic relationships with a more abundant, diverse and active soil biota. Adoption of system of crop intensification practices in pulses may enhance the productivity and ecological sustainability of the system and reduce the gap between per capita availability and consumption of pulses and also enhancing the resource use efficiency of the system.

Background: Green gram is one of the important pulse crop and also a drought resistant crop, suitable for summer fallows in Kerala. Though it has multifarious advantages, productivity of green gram is declining year by year due to various reasons. Adoption of low-cost production technologies like system of crop intensification (SCI) practices in green Gram may enhance the productivity and reduce the gap between per capita availability and consumption and enhance the resource use efficiency of the farming system. Methods: A field experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications during 2022. Main plot treatments were spacings of 25 cm × 15 cm and 25 cm × 25 cm each maintained with single and double seedling per hill. The sub plot treatments include foliar application with urea @ 2%, DAP @ 2%, KNO3 @ 0.5% and DAP @ 2% + KNO3 @ 0.5% at 15 and 30 DAS. Result: The experiment results revealed that spacing of 25 cm × 25 cm or 25 cm × 15 cm with single seedling per hill along with foliar application of KNO3 @ 0.5% or DAP @ 2% + KNO3 @ 0.5% at 15 and 30 DAS recorded higher growth attributes, yield attributes and economics of green gram viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf area, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, net income and benefit cost ratio.

The experiment was carried out at the research plot of the Department of Agricultural Entomology and Central Research Farm, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, during Kharif from July to November 2022 in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Eight treatments were evaluated against, Leucinodes orbonalis i.e., Spinosad 45% SC (0.5ml/L), Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (0.5ml/L), Flubendiamide 480 SC (0.4ml/L), Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (0.4gm/L), Indoxacarb 14.5% SC (0.25ml/L), Neem oil 5% (50ml/L), Beauveria bassiana (1X108 CFU/gm) 1.15 % WP (2.5gm/L), Control in RBD with three replications. The data on the percent infestation of shoot and fruit borer on brinjal 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after first and second spray reveal that all the chemical treatments were significantly superior over control. The lowest infestation was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (12.45) (9.78), Spinosad 45% SC (13.56) (10.43), Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (14.68) (11.39), Indoxacarb 14.5% Sc (15.34) (12.38), Flubendiamide 480 SC (16.26) (13.30), Beauveria bassiana (1X108 CFU/gm) 1.15% WP (16.84) (14.56), Neem oil 5% (19.46) (15.52). The best yield and most economical treatment was Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (220.5q/ha) (1:8.3) which was par with Spinosad 45% SC (195.30q/ha) (1:7.7) followed by Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (172.50q/ha) (1:6.8), Indoxacarb 14.5 SC (165.35q/ha) (1:6.5), Flubendiamide 480SC (142.33q/ha) (1:5.3), Beauveria bassiana (1X108 CFU/gm) 1.15 % WP (130.40q/ha) (1:5.2) and Neem oil 5% (125.50q/ha) (1:5.04) as compared to control (90.00q/ha) (1:3.72). The yields among the treatment were significant.