Further studies are needed to confirm the observation that the NCPAP-associated pneumonia rate might be lower than the VAP rate in VLBW infants, as well as to confirm the second observation that the sepsis rates on peripheral catheters compared to central venous catheters might be almost equal in VLBW infants. Reducing the exposure to ventilation via endotracheal tube, but not using peripheral as opposed to central catheters, might reduce the incidence of device-associated infection in this patient population.