Effects of prolactin administration were investigated on plasma calcium, and ultimobranchial gland (UBG) of a freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Fish were divided into groups AD. Group A and B were kept in artificial freshwater with normal electrolytes. Group C and D were maintained in calcium-deficient freshwater. Vehicle was administered to groups A and C. Groups B and D were injected with prolactin. Plasma calcium, inorganic phosphate levels and UBG were studied after 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days. Prolactin treatment caused hypercalcemia from day 3 to day 10; however, the values become narmocalcemic at day 10 and day 15. Similarily, from day 5 onwards a progressive increase in the plasma phosphate level has been noticed. UBG cells of prolactin-treated fish (kept in artificial freshwater) exhibit increased nuclear volume and poor staining response (from day 5 to 10). On day 15 few degenerating cells and a decline in nuclear volume have been noticed. In vehicle-injected fish (group C) the plasma calcium level decreases from day 1 to day 3 (as compared to level of the fish kept in artificial freshwater). Thereafter, the level records an increase from day 5 resulting in hypercalcemia at day 10 and day 15. In prolactin treated fish (group D) the plasma calcium level shows no change up to day 3 as compared to the vehicle-injected group (group C). From day 5 to day 15, the value indicates progressive increase in plasma calcium level. The plasma phosphate level of vehicle-injected fish (group C) remains unaltered on day 1. A progressive hypophosphatemia has been observed between day 3 and day 5. Thereafter, the values indicate a tendency to increase. Up to day 3 the plasma phosphate level of prolactin-injected fish (group D) is almost same as compared to that of vehicle-injected specimens (group C). Thereafter, the level indicates a tendency to increase thus resulting in hyperphosphatemia 5 day onwards.
Background: An observational study was undertaken to study the relationship between maternal serum vitamin D levels during peripartum period and neonatal birth weight.Methods: This study was done on 569 patients to study the relationship between maternal serum vitamin D levels during peripartum period and neonatal birth weight. The data included was maternal serum samples (taken during peri-partum period) and neonatal birth weight. The primary objective of this project was to assess the vitamin D levels in maternal serum and to study its relationship, if any, with birth weight in the neonates.Results: A total of 569 samples of maternal serum were analyzed for serum 25(OH)D levels out of which 457(80%) mothers were found to have sufficient, 101(18%) insufficient and 11(2%) deficient Vitamin D levels as per US Endocrinological society guidelines. Out of total 569 newborns, 104 (18.27%) were low birth weight (LBW) and 465 (81.27%) were normal birth weight (NBW). Out of total LBW (104), 19(18.27%) were born to vitamin D deficient (VDD) mothers and 85 (81.72%) were born to vitamin D sufficient (VDS) mothers. Out of total NBW(465), 86(18.45%) were born to VDD mothers and 379 (81.17%) were born to VDS mothers. These results were not statistically significant (p=0.76456749).Conclusions: Maternal 25(OH)-vitamin D status during late pregnancy did not have any statistically significant effect on the neonatal birth weight.
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