Esophageal cancer (EC) incidence rates in Kazakhstan were assessed by component analysis based on primary registered cases in 2001-2010. It was found that despite an apparent general decrease in the number of EC patients in Kazakhstan, a potential increase should be evaluated, due to changes in aging as well as the increase in population. Some problems of EC patients' registration were broached with an emphasis on the importance of the expected absolute number and reasons for undercounting in the country. Based on these, ways of improving the recording and registration of such patients in the country were suggested.

Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in Kazakhstan are relatively high but exact statistics have hitherto been lacking and trends over time are unclear. The present study was therefore undertaken to retrospectively assess data for East Kazakhstan, accessed from the central registration office, for the period 2004-2013. Approximate age standardized data for incidence and mortality were generated and compared across age groups, gender and year. It was determined that during the studied period 3,417 new cases of colorectal cancer were registered and 2,259 died of this pathology. Average cancer cancer incidence and mortality over the ten years were 24.1/10 5 and 15.9/10 5 respectively, and the overall ratio of mortality/incidence (M/I) was 0.69:1 (range 0.58-0.73). Both incidence and mortality tended to remain constant in both males and females. The male to female ratios also did not significantly vary over time but a trend for improvement of the mortality to incidence ratio was observed, especially for rectum. Whether this might be related to screening remains unclear. These preliminary data indicate that whereas colorectal cancer continues to be important, change in environmental factors are not having a great impact on incidence in East Kazakhstan.

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Relevance: GLOBOCAN estimates 1.9 million new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) and 935,000 deaths from CRC in 2020. CRC accounts for every tenth cancer case or dying from cancer. According to the Oncological Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK), in 2019, CRC ranked 5th in incidence and mortality among all cancers. With a survival time of more than five years, one of the main criteria that determine the condition of patients and the effectiveness of treatment is their quality of life (QOL). Understanding QOL parameters is essential to assess the full impact of the disease on an individual, family, and community. The purpose of the study was to analyze the quality-of-life indicators in patients with colorectal cancer and validate a Kazakh variant of the EORTC QLQ-CR-2 questionnaire in RK. Results: The QOL of patients with CRC globally is relatively low in its physical, mental, social, and clinical aspects. The most important factors affecting the QOL are sexual dysfunction, body dissatisfaction in ostomy patients, chronic recurrent diarrhea, symptoms of distress, and high fatigue. The patient’s lifestyle, age, gender, stage of the disease, and psycho-emotional status all affect the QOL of patients with CRC. It should also be noted that CRC survivors who have been physically active report a better QOL than those who were not physically active. Conclusion: The fact that no study has been conducted in the RK for the QOL of patients with CRC necessitates a survey to understand the QOL parameters in patients with CRC using the Kazakh version of the EORTC QLQ-CR-2 questionnaire. We plan to conduct such a study in the near future within the framework of grant funding for young scientists IRN AP09058432 KN MES RK and publish the results.